On the 3rd of February in the following year, Rosas himself was completely overthrown at Monte Caseros, near Buenos Ayres, by the combined forces of Brazil, Oriental Republic and the Argentines in revolt under the governor of Entre Rios General Justo Jose Urquiza, the commander-in-chief of the allied army. From that date, when the normal intercourse of Montevideo with Buenos Ayres and the riverain ports of the Uruguay and Parana, as well as with the interior of the Republic itself and with Brazil, was resumed, the Oriental Republic may be said to have recommenced its national existence. Whilst her material progress has continued with little intermission, her political history during the last thirty or forty years has been again chequered by many internal troubles and domestic events, one too recent, the others too insignificant to be included in the present historical sketch. But the old parties, _Blanco_ and _Colorado_, have long since been transformed; and at the same time that new rivalries and new parties were coming out, the hatreds and exclusive passions of the ancient times have all disappeared; the constant communication with Europe, and the general influence of a newer education and of different ideas is permeating all classes in the capital, and gradually extending to the rural districts, where foreigners are introducing the habits and industrial methods of European countries: all which, owing to the national culture and civilization permits to count for the future with a complete stability in the institutions and government of the country, this stability being the strongest wish of all the parties, whilst it is also the best and most solid warranty of the progress and increase of the Oriental Republic of Uruguay. [Illustration: CARTA GEOGRAFICA] * * * * * Transcriber's note: "++ PLEASE NOTE MAP." The ++indicates the hand symbol with finger pointing right. Text enclosed by underscores is in italics (_italics_). Small capital text has been replaced with all capitals. Variations in spelling, punctuation and hyphenation have been retained except in obvious cases of typographical error. The cover for the eBook version of this book was created by the transcriber and is placed in the public domain. Page 16: "1891 104,945 8,74 291". There is a missing digit - the transcriber has added "5" to make 8,745. Page 25: The transcriber has supplied the closing round bracket in the following: The plantations are 80 hectares, planted with vines (the plants are 2 and 3 years old); three millions of vine-shoot ... Page 25: The ^ followed by a number indicates a superscripted number. Example: 1^m 80 high, by 0^m thick. End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Oriental Republic of Uruguay at the World's Columbian Exhibition, Chicago, 1893, by Carlos Maria de Pena and Honore Roustan