As Sir F. Pollock and Prof. Maitland rightly observe, it is not true that barbarians will not trace the chain of causation beyond its nearest link--that, for example, they will not impute one man's death to another unless that other has struck a blow which laid a corpse at his feet.[6] {306} Among the Wanyoro, should a girl die in childbirth, the seducer is also doomed to die, unless he ransom himself by payment of some cows.[7] Among the Wakamba, if a man is the second time guilty of manslaughter in a state of drunkenness, the elders may either sentence him to death, "or make the seller of drink pay compensation to the family of the victim."[8] According to the native code of Malacca, if vicious buffaloes or cattle "be tied in the highway, where people are in the habit of passing and repassing, and gore or wound any person, the owner shall be fined one tahil and one paha, and pay the expense necessary for the cure of the wounded individual. Should he be gored to death, then the owner shall be fined according to the Diyat, because the owner is criminal in having tied the animal in an improper place."[9] In the Laws of Alfred it is said that, if a man have a spear over his shoulder and anybody stake himself on it, the man with the spear has to pay the _wer_.[10] According to an ancient custom, in vogue in England as late as the thirteenth century, one who was accused of homicide was, before going to the wager of battle, expected to swear that he had done nothing through which the dead man had become "further from life and nearer to death";[11] and damages which the modern English lawyer would without hesitation describe as "too remote" were not too remote for the author of the so-called 'Laws of Henry I.'[12] "At your request I accompany you when you are about your own affairs; my enemies fall upon and kill me; you must pay for my death.[13] You take me to see a wild beast show or that interesting spectacle a madman; beast or madman kills me; you must pay. You hang up your sword; some one else knocks it down so that it cuts me; you must pay."[14] In all these cases you did something that helped to bring {307} about death or wound, and you are consequently held responsible for the mishap. [Footnote 6: Pollock and Maitland, _History of English Law before the Time of Edward I._ ii. 470.] [Footnote 7: _Emin Pasha in Central Africa_, p. 83.] [Footnote 8: Decle, _Three Years in Savage Africa_, p. 487.] [Footnote 9: Newbold, _British Settlements in the Straits of Malacca_, ii. 256 _sq._] [Footnote 10: _Laws of Alfred_, 36.] [Footnote 11: _Leges Henrici I._ xc. 11. Bracton, _op. cit._ fol. 141 b, vol. ii. 440 _sq._] [Footnote 12: Pollock and Maitland, _op. cit._ ii. 470 _sq._] [Footnote 13: _Leges Henrici I._ lxxxviii. 9.] [Footnote 14: _Ibid._ xc. 11. Pollock and Maitland, _op. cit._ ii. 471.]