The origin and development of the moral ideasWestermarck, Edward
Philosophy
The origin and development of the moral ideas
Westermarck, Edward
Ethics; Ethics -- History; Prehistoric peoples
[Footnote 14: Sarasin, _Ergebnisse naturwissenschaftlicher Forschungen
auf Ceylon_, iii. 539. _Cf._ Tennent, _Ceylon_, ii. 444. Hartshorne,
in _Indian Antiquary_, viii. p. 320.]
[Footnote 15: Blunt, _Bedouin Tribes of the Euphrates_, ii. 203. _Cf._
_ibid._ ii. 207.]
[Footnote 16: Zöller, _Kamerun_, i. 188.]
[Footnote 17: Caillié, _Travels through Central Africa_, i. 353.]
[Footnote 18: New, _op. cit._ p. 98.]
[Footnote 19: Casalis, _Basutos_, p. 301. For other instances, see
Hall, _Arctic Researches_, p. 571 (Eskimo); Dobrizhoffer, _Account of
the Abipones_, ii. 148; Turner, _Samoa_, p. 178; Ellis, _Tour through
Hawaii_, p. 429; Brooke, _Ten Years in Saráwak_, i. 61 (Sea Dyaks);
Low, _Sarawak_, p. 133; Marsden, _History of Sumatra_, p. 471 (Poggi
Islanders); Steller, _De Sangi-Archipel_, p. 26; Riedel, _De sluik- en
kroesharige rassen tusschen Selebes en Papua_, p. 41 (Ambon and Uliase
Islanders); von Siebold, _Aino auf der Insel Yesso_, pp. 11, 35;
Munzinger, _Ostafrikanische Studien_, p. 532 (Barea and Kunáma);
Holub, _Seven Years in South Africa_, ii. 319 (Marutse); Maclean,
_Compendium of Kafir Laws and Customs_, pp. 61, 143 _sq._; Shooter,
_Kafirs of Natal_, p. 137.]
In other instances homicide is expressly said to be regarded as wrong.
The Greenlanders described by Dr. Nansen hold it atrocious to kill
a fellow-creature, except in some particular cases.[20] The Dacotahs
say that it is a great crime to take their fellow's life, unless in
revenge, "because all have a right to live."[21] In Tierra del Fuego
homicide rarely occurs, as Mr. Bridges remarks, because of an
inveterate custom according to which human life is held sacred: "le
meurtrier est mis au ban de ses compatriotes; isolé de tous, il est
fatalement condamné à périr de faim ou à tomber un jour sous les coups
d'un groupe de justiciers improvisés."[22] The Andaman Islanders
condemn murder as _y[=u]bda_, or sin.[23] The natives of Botany Bay,
New {331} South Wales, though a trivial offence in their ideas
justifies the murder of a man, "highly reprobate the crime when
committed without what they esteem a just cause."[24] According to Mr.
Curr's experience, the Australian Black undoubtedly feels that murder
is wrong, and its committal brings remorse; even after the
perpetration of infanticide or massacres, though both are practised
without disguise, those engaged in them are subject to remorse and low
spirits for some time.[25]
[Footnote 20: Nansen, _Eskimo Life_, p. 162.]
[Footnote 21: Prescott, in Schoolcraft, _Indian Tribes of the United
States_, ii. 195.]
[Footnote 22: Hyades and Deniker, _Mission scientifique du Cap Horn_,
vii. 374, 243.]
[Footnote 23: Man, in _Jour. Anthr. Inst._ xii. 112.]
[Footnote 24: Barrington, _History of New South Wales_, p. 19. _Cf._
Lumholtz, _Among Cannibals_, p. 126 (natives of Northern
Queensland).]
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