[Footnote 77: Griffis, _Religions of Japan_, p. 129.] [Footnote 78: Roth, 'On the Morality of the Veda,' in _Jour. American Oriental Society_, iii. 338.] [Footnote 79: _Cf._ Grimm, _Deutsche Rechtsalterthümer_, p. 396; Gummere, _Germanic Origins_, p. 288.] [Footnote 80: Grimm, _op. cit._ p. 397 _sqq._ Brunner, _Deutsche Rechtgeschichte_, i. 273.] [Footnote 81: _Westgöta-Lagen I._ Af mandrapi, v. 4 p. 13.] [Footnote 82: _Laws of Ine_, 20. _Cf._ _Laws of Wihtræd_, 28.] [Footnote 83: Brunner, _op. cit._ i. 273 _sq._ Gummere, _op. cit._ p. 288. Pollock and Maitland, _History of English Law before the Time of Edward I._ i. 52.] [Footnote 84: _Iliad_, ix. 648.] [Footnote 85: Hermann-Blümner, _Lehrsbüch der griechischen Privatalterthümer_, p. 492. Schmidt, _Ethik der alten Griechen_, ii. 325.] [Footnote 86: Meier and Schömann, _Der altische Process_, p. 379.] [Footnote 87: Cicero, _De officiis_, i. 12.] [Footnote 88: Plautus, _Asinaria_, ii. 4. 88.] [Footnote 89: Mommsen, _Römisches Strafrecht_, p. 622 _sqq._] How little regard is felt for the lives of strangers also appears from the readiness with which war is waged on {339} foreign nations, combined with the estimation in which the successful warrior is held by his countrymen. The ancient Mexicans were never at a loss for an excuse to pick a quarrel with their neighbours, so as to be able to procure victims for sacrifices to their gods.[90] "No profession was held in more esteem amongst them than the profession of arms. The deity of war was the most revered by them, and regarded as the chief protector of the nation."[91] The Mayas not only wanted to increase their dominions by encroachments upon their neighbours' territory, but undertook raids with no other object than that of obtaining captives for sacrifice.[92] Speaking of the wars of the ancient Egyptians, M. Amélineau observes, "Nous n'avons pas un seul mot dans la littérature égyptienne, même dans les [oe]uvres égypto-chrétiennes, qui nous fasse entendre le plus léger cri de réprobation pour la guerre et ses horreurs."[93] Among the Hebrews the most cruel wars of extermination were expressly sanctioned by their religion. That an idolatrous people had no right to live was taken as a matter of course; but wars were also unscrupulously waged from worldly motives, and in their moral code there is no attempt to distinguish between just and unjust war.[94] Among the Mohammedans it is likewise the unbeliever, not the foreigner as such, that is regarded as the most proper object of slaughter. Although there is no precept in the Koran which, taken with the context, justifies unprovoked war,[95] the saying that "Paradise is under the shadow of swords"[96] is popularly applied to all warfare against infidels. Among the Celts[97] and Teutons a man's highest aspiration was to acquire military glory. The Scandinavians considered it a disgrace for a man to die {340} without having seen human blood