Lastly, let us glance at those peoples who lay between Northern Italy and the Bay of Biscay. Although we have no direct evidence as to the unit by which the Gauls reckoned that gold of which, as we saw above, they had great store, before they came under the influence of either Phoenician, Greek, or Italian, we can perhaps make a justifiable inference from the fact that when the Gauls proceeded to strike gold coins in imitation of the gold stater of Philip of Macedon, they did not, as might have been expected, follow also the weight unit (135 grs.) of that coin. For as a matter of fact scarcely any of the Gaulish imitations exceed 120 grains troy[182]. It would appear then that the Gauls had already at that time a gold unit in use, somewhat lighter than the usual weight of our “ox-unit,” although we cannot of course ignore the possibility of its being the form of the Phoenician gold standard, which we found above was employed by the Carthaginians both in Sicily and Africa; in other words it may be maintained that the Gauls followed the standard on which the Phocaeans of Massalia struck their _silver_ coinage. As, however, the coins of Massalia were drachms of about 55 grains the probability is not very high that the Gauls had no gold standard of their own for gold until they got one from the _silver_ of Marseilles. The Teutonic tribes who likewise issued imitations of the Philippus also followed a standard of 120 grs. for coins, from which it is likely that they as well as the Gauls employed a unit of 120 grs. for gold before they ever began to strike money. We have now taken a survey of the most ancient gold standards we can find throughout the wide regions through which the common system of weights of after years prevailed, extending in our range from the heart of Asia to the shores of the Atlantic. Our results will best be seen in the following table: Grains. Egyptian gold ring standard 127 Mycenaean 130-5 Homeric talent (or “Ox-unit”) 130-5 Attic gold stater (the sole standard for gold) 135 Thasos 135 Rhodes 135 Cyzicus 130 Hebrew standard 130 Persian Daric 130 Macedonian stater 135 Bactrian stater 130-2 Indian standard (7th cent. A.D.) 140 Phoenician gold unit (double) 260 Carthaginian 120 Sicily and Lower Italy 130-5 Etruscan 130-5 Gaulish unit 120 German 120