Gold was to silver as 13·3:1. This proportion made it difficult to weigh both metals on the same standard. That a round number of silver shekels or staters might equal a gold shekel or stater, the weight of the silver shekel was either raised above or lowered below that of the gold. The _heavy_ gold shekel weighed 260 grains Troy, being the double of the _light_ gold shekel, which weighed 130 grains Troy (8·4 grammes). THE SILVER STANDARDS DERIVED FROM THE GOLD SHEKEL[261]. I. From the _heavy_ gold shekel of 260 grains: 260 × 13·3 = 3458 grains of silver. 3458 grains of silver = 15 shekels of 230 grains each. On the silver shekel of 230 grains the _Phoenician_ or Graeco-Asiatic _silver_ standard may be constructed: Talent = 690,000 grains = 3000 staters (or shekels). Mina = 11,500 grains = 50 staters. Stater = 230 grains. II. From the _light_ gold shekel of 130 grains we get the so-called Babylonian or Persian standard: 130 × 13·3 = 1729 grains of silver. 1729 grains of silver = 10 shekels of 172·9 grains each. On the silver shekel or stater of 172·9 grains the _Babylonic_, _Lydian_, and Persian _silver_ standard may be thus constructed:— Talent = 518,700 grains = 3000 staters = 6000 sigli. Mina = 8645 grains = 50 ” = 100 ” Stater = 172·9 grains = 1 ” = 2 ” Siglos = 86·45 grains.” It is desirable “to take note of the fact that in Asia Minor and in the earliest periods of the art of coining, (α) the heavy gold stater (260 grains) occurs at various places, from Teos northwards as far as the shores of the Propontis; (β) the light gold stater (130 grains) in Lydia (Κροίσειος στατήρ) and in Samos (?); (γ) the electrum stater of the Phoenician _silver_ standard, chiefly at Miletus, but also at other towns along the west coast of Asia Minor, as well as in Lydia, but never however in full weight; (δ) the electrum and silver stater of the Babylonic standard, chiefly if not solely in Lydia; (ε) the silver stater of the Phoenician standard (230 grains) on the west coast of Asia Minor[262].” Here we may call attention to the fact that whilst Miletus struck her electrum staters on the Phoenician _silver_ standard (their normal weight being 217 grains), the Phocaeans always from the infancy of coining employed for their electrum the _gold_ standard of the _heavy_ shekel (260 grains). But the proper time for discussing why the Lydians, Milesians and Phocaeans all struck their electrum coins of various standards, will come further on in our enquiry. _The coin-standards of Greece Proper._