The Origin of Metallic Currency and Weight StandardsRidgeway, William
History
The Origin of Metallic Currency and Weight Standards
Ridgeway, William
Money -- Origin; Weights and measures -- History
that of the axe of Tenedos, that in the middle of the 4th cent. B.C. the
Greeks did not see any religious significance in them, any more than
they did in the representation of the mule-car which had won at Olympia,
placed on his coins by Anaxilas. If, as has been so emphatically laid
down by the leading modern Greek numismatists, the types on Greek coins
are so essentially religious in origin, it is extremely difficult to
explain the extraordinary rapidity with which all such notions as regards
their origin must have vanished from the minds of the most learned of
the Greeks, at so early a date as the 4th cent. B.C. (hardly more than
two centuries after the introduction of the art of coining). The Greeks
regarded those types from much the same point of view as we regard St
George and the Dragon on sovereigns and crowns, or the Lady Godiva
riding _in puris naturalibus_ on the Coventry tokens. The effort to
turn agonistic into religious types by contending that, as the Olympic
festival was of religious origin, so the successful chariot which had
won at Olympia was a sacred symbol, can only be regarded as an ingenious
effort to attach by even the most slender thread a simple commemorative
type to a religious origin.
[Illustration: FIG. 47. Coin of Messana.]
There is not the slightest reason for treating with incredulity the
statement that Anaxilas introduced the hare into Sicily. Pollux[411]
tells us that there were no hares in Ithaca, and from the same source
we learn that the islanders of Carpathus, wishing to add the animal to
the products of their isle, introduced a single pair, the descendants of
which became in a short time so numerous that they ruined the crops, a
story which finds a singular parallel in the history of the introduction
of the rabbit into Australia in our own days. The hare was to the old
Greek sportsman (as we know from the Tracts on Hunting of Xenophon and
Arrian) what the stag was to the mediaeval baron, and the fox to the
modern English squire. If William the Conqueror, as says the chronicler,
“loved the tall deer as though he were their father,” the tyrant
Anaxilas may well have prided himself upon the introduction of the hare
into Sicily in much the same manner as modern sportsmen have brought
the French partridge into England. When once the type was started, the
dislike of any change in coin types is so strong that we need not be
surprised at the hare appearing for a long period on the coins of Messana
and Rhegium. Besides, the hare was considered by the Greek gourmet as the
choicest of viands: all readers of Aristophanes are familiar with “jugged
hare” as a proverbial expression for “the best of cheer.”
_Variation of Silver Standards._
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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