The Origin of Metallic Currency and Weight StandardsRidgeway, William
History
The Origin of Metallic Currency and Weight Standards
Ridgeway, William
Money -- Origin; Weights and measures -- History
If now we take the _nomos_ to be a _diobol_, each vine is worth 4⅔
_nomi_, or 14 _nomi_, according as there are 50 or 150 vines to the
_schoenus_. Now, as the valuable and slow growing olive is only worth 10
_nomi_, and it is impossible to believe that the relative values of olive
and vine could have ever been such as those arrived at on the assumption
that the _nomos_ is a diobol, we must turn to the alternative course and
take the _nomos_ as a didrachm. The penalty for a _schoenus_ of vines is
two minae or 110 didrachms. If 150 vines go to a _schoenus_, each will
be worth about ⅔ didrachm, 15 vines being equal to one olive, or taking
50 vines to the _schoenus_, each vine will be worth about two didrachms,
5 vines being worth one olive. This result is so rational that we need
hesitate no longer to regard the well-known Tarentine didrachm as the
_nomos_ (_noummos_) of Aristotle.
There is such a difference between the _nomos_ of Sicily, identical with
the Aeginetan obol, and that of Tarentum that we are forced to conclude
that the term _nomos_ is not specially applied to any particular coin
unit. In Sicily we found the native unit, the litra, identified in
certain cases, at least in earlier times, with the Aeginetan obol as well
as with the _nomos_. Why two names _nomos_ and _litra_ for the same unit?
Is one Sicilian and the other Greek? This at least gives a reasonable
explanation. The Dorians then in Sicily gave the name to their earliest
coins, _nomos_, with them indicating the unit of currency established by
law just as did _nomisma_ among other Greeks. As in Sicily the Aeginetic
obol was the _legal coin_ (_nomos_) _par excellence_, so at Tarentum,
where didrachms were the first coins to be struck, the term (_nomos_) was
applied to that unit. We may therefore expect to find the term _nomos_
applied to various kinds of coins among the Italiotes and Italians,
according to the particular coin chosen by each state as its own unit of
account.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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