Let us seek the reason of this immunity accorded to the sacred books of
the Hebrews, let us seek it _in_ the language, not _apart_ from it, as
some do when looking for the origin of thought.
THE VARIOUS NAMES OF GOD
According to the historians who have made a study of the ancient
religions, each name given to or descriptive of a deity corresponded to
a special conception formed by the people. This has been a generally
received principle, and it serves as a clue to guide us in our study of
primitive creeds.
The Semitic languages, like the Aryan, possessed a number of names of
the Deity in common, all expressive of certain general qualities of
the Deity, but all raised by one or other of the Semitic tribes to be
the names of God, or of that idea which the first breath, the first
sight of the world, the feeling of absolute dependence on a power
beyond ourselves, had for ever impressed and implanted in the human
mind. These names were all either honorific titles, or represented
some moral qualities. El and El-Schadai--Strong, Powerful; Bel or
Baal--Lord; Adon or Adonai--my Lord, Master; Melk or Moloch--King;
Eliun--the Highest God. Such names as these, so clear and easily
understood, did not readily lend themselves to mythological contagion,
and they were adopted by Christian phraseology because they contained
nothing but what might be rightly ascribed to God.
I could have wished to pass over the name Eloha, which eventually
became Elohim, in silence, as its history is a long one, but I shall
say a few words about it, as it is one of the most primitive names,
and indicates to us what the Semites understood by divine. The name
Elohim, applied to an unknown, invisible power, one not grasped by the
senses, was the expression of all that was superior and beyond what was
seen and known on the earth. At the same time the name was used not
exclusively for the Deity, but for others whose attributes, whether
physical or moral, demanded a superlative appellative ... there were
thus several Elohims of varying natures, the Semitic termination in
_im_ turning Eloha into a plural, still always took a singular verb
after it, and Elohim or the Elohim (pl.) were both used.
If a comparison be made between the Semitic and Aryan methods of
treating the same subjects, the assertion seems amply justified that
mythology has not ventured to effect an entrance into the thoughts of
the Hebrew writers. If the subject Dawn be taken, it would remain with
the Semitic authors a natural daily occurrence, but the Aryan writers
would transform it into a personal agent taking the form of gracious,
kindly mythical personages. An example presents itself in the book of
Job.
Jehovah, the Creator of the universe, “answered Job out of the
whirlwind,” who had sought to learn the secrets of nature. Jehovah said
to him:--
“Hast thou commanded the morning since thy days began, and caused the
dayspring to know its place?
“Declare if thou knowest it all.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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