Archaeology; Civilization, Ancient; Despotism; Greece -- History -- To 146 B.C.; Wealth
The first thing that Croesus did after securing the throne was to put
Sadyattes to death and to confiscate his possessions[720]. By itself
this might be taken simply as part of something corresponding to a
normal process of attainder. But the Sadyattes incident must be read in
the light of the advice that Croesus is represented as having
subsequently given to Cyrus, the gist of which is that Cyrus is to
beware above all things of the richest of his subjects[721]. [Sidenote:
Croesus bids Cyrus to suspect a rival in the richest of his subjects.]
The speech is of course pure fiction: so too is very possibly the whole
story of the intimacy between Croesus and his conqueror[722]. But all
the same Croesus is Herodotus’ embodiment of the wise and experienced
ruler of the sixth century, the century during which the historian’s
father was born only a little way from the borders of Croesus’ kingdom.
If in the pages of Herodotus he is made to regard wealth as the basis of
political power, it must be because the historian believed such to have
been in fact the case. Of the evidence that may have led him, and with
good reason, to this belief, one item may have been derived from the
colossal tomb of Croesus’ predecessor Alyattes, which according to the
account given by Herodotus was constructed by the tradesmen and artizans
and prostitutes (οἱ ἀγοραῖοι ἄνθρωποι καὶ οἱ χειρώνακτες καὶ αἱ
ἐνεργαζόμεναι παιδίσκαι)[723]. [Sidenote: The tomb of Croesus’ father
had been erected by tradesmen, artizans, and “working girls.”]
Presumably these were the classes who had most benefited or at least
been most affected by Alyattes’ rule, and on whose support he had mainly
depended[724]. The largest part of the tomb is said by Herodotus to have
been built by the “working girls” (= prostitutes) but too much attention
need not be paid to this typical instance of Herodotean “malignity.”
Strabo’s report that the tomb was said by some to be that of a harlot
(πόρνης) is equally suspicious. It may possibly have arisen from the
obscene symbols that appeared on various parts of the monument,
including its summit. Possibly the builders of the tomb got mistaken for
its occupant. The reverse process is less likely, as it leaves the
tradesmen and artizans unaccounted for[725].
[Sidenote: Revolt from Cyrus of Pactyes who had all the gold from
Sardis.]
In conformity with the policy that Herodotus puts into the mouth of
Croesus, Cyrus was careful before he returned from Lydia to Persia to
separate the political and financial power in his new conquest:
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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