Archaeology; Civilization, Ancient; Despotism; Greece -- History -- To 146 B.C.; Wealth
There is yet another group of statements bearing on Pheidon’s pedigree.
Pausanias says that the last king of Argos was Meltas son of
Lakedes[812]. The latter is equated by Beloch[813] with the Leokedes of
Herodotus[814]. Meltas is said by Pausanias to have been tenth in
descent from Medon, grandson of Temenos. Pheidon, as has been noted
already, is described by Strabo as tenth in descent from Temenos
himself. Thus Strabo, Pausanias, and Herodotus might be taken as
mutually confirming one another, if we accept Herodotus literally, and
make Pheidon father of Leokedes and consequently grandfather of Meltas.
As there was still a king of Argos in 484 B.C.[815], and there is
nothing to show that the office did not continue well after that date,
Beloch’s argument brings Pheidon well down into the sixth century. But
as it allows only twelve generations from the Dorian invasion under
Temenos to the indeterminate date after 480 B.C. when kingship was
completely abolished, it only helps to emphasize the fact that Argive
royal pedigrees are not a safe guide for determining Pheidon’s
date[816].
[Sidenote: (2) from his interference at the Olympian games.]
The assertion of Pausanias[817], that Pheidon interfered with the eighth
celebration of the Olympian games, is not to be reconciled with a
seventh century date. But serious doubts have been thrown on Pausanias’
dating, which may very possibly have been influenced by the Macedonian
genealogies, in which case it is no confirmation of the date arrived at
by reckoning Pheidon tenth from Temenos. The arguments for emending
eighth to twenty-eighth are weighty[818]. Pausanias’ exact statement is
that “at the eighth Olympian festival the Pisatans called in Pheidon ...
and celebrated the games along with Pheidon[819].” But Strabo declares
it to be “more probable (ἐγγυτέρω τῆς πίστεως) that from the first
Olympiad till the twenty-sixth the presidency both of the temple and the
games was held by the Eleians[820].” Julius Africanus likewise knows
nothing of any disturbance at the eighth Olympiad, but records one at
the twenty-eighth.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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