Archaeology; Civilization, Ancient; Despotism; Greece -- History -- To 146 B.C.; Wealth
For connexions between Pheidon and Corinth we have only a story told by
Plutarch and a Scholiast on Apollonius Rhodius[929] of which the salient
points are that (_a_) Pheidon tries to annex Corinth; (_b_) the
Bacchiads and Archias are the pro-Argive party; (_c_) the fall of the
Bacchiads (which led to the rise of the tyrant Cypselus) meant the
overthrow of Argive influence.
So far the story is all of a piece, and supports the view that the
simultaneous establishment of Cypselus in Corinth and Orthagoras in
Sicyon may have been part cause and part result of the fall of Pheidon
and the breaking up again of the lot of Temenos. Such a suggestion
harmonizes well with the friendship that existed between the Corinthian
and Sicyon tyrants[930].
There are however chronological difficulties in this interpretation of
the Pheidon Archias story. In the story (i) the fall of the Bacchiads is
made contemporary with the foundation of Syracuse, _i.e._ it must
presumably be dated about 734 B.C.[931]; (ii) Pheidon is put some time
before this event, his contemporary Habron being grandfather of Archias’
favourite Actaeon: the Marmor Parium enters Pheidon before Archias.
In a highly romantic narrative like that of Archias and Actaeon the last
thing to be looked for is a reliable and exact chronology. Impossible
dates may mean impossible statements; but on the other hand they may
mean merely a confusion of facts of different dates, or again, the facts
may be coherent, and the dates just simply wrong.
In the present case, except for the relative dating of Archias and
Pheidon, the historic background is perfectly coherent, if the events
are put early in the seventh century. To accept the 750 date for Pheidon
sets him right in relation to Archias, but leaves the rest of the story
in the air. There is indeed always the refuge of assuming a double
banishment of the Bacchiads. But the idea of a double banishment, traces
of which might easily be discovered by the reduplicating school of
historians, is deservedly suspect, and may have arisen from a double
dating due to double dating of Pheidon. If there really were two
banishments, the story better suits the second.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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