Archaeology; Civilization, Ancient; Despotism; Greece -- History -- To 146 B.C.; Wealth
In short from first to last the tyranny at Corinth is seen taking an
active part in guiding the industrial, commercial and maritime
activities of the city[985]. This however is what might be expected from
any able government at the period, and nobody has ever questioned the
Cypselids’ ability. The previous government, that of the aristocracy of
the Bacchiads, had “exploited the market with impunity[986],” and very
possibly this short-sighted policy had hastened and helped their
fall[987].
[Sidenote: Before he became tyrant Cypselus was probably polemarch,]
But how precisely were they overthrown? What was the career of Cypselus
previous to his obtaining the tyranny?
According to Nicolaus Damascenus, who based himself largely on the
fourth century Ephorus[988], Labda, the mother of Cypselus, belonged to
the Bacchiad aristocracy, but owing to a personal deformity[989] she had
married beneath her. Her husband, Eetion, is variously said to have been
descended from the pre-Hellenic Lapithae of Thessaly[990] and from a
non-Dorian stock of Gonussa above Sicyon[991]. In any case, as observed
by How and Wells[992], Eetion belonged to the pre-Dorian “Aeolic”
population of Corinth[993]. The Bacchiad aristocracy was extremely
exclusive. Its members married only among themselves. Consequently the
official oracles prophesied evil from this union, and when a son was
born of it, the government sent agents to destroy the child. But the
infant melted the hearts of its would-be murderers, and instead of
killing it they went back and reported that they had done so. The infant
was sent away by its parents to Olympia, and was brought up first there
and then at Cleonae. Encouraged by a Delphic oracle Cypselus returned to
Corinth, became very popular, was elected polemarch, and made himself
still more popular by refusing to imprison citizens and remitting in all
cases his part of their fines. Finally he headed a rising against the
unpopular Bacchiads, killed Patrokleides, who was king at the time, and
was made king in his stead. He ruled mildly, neither maintaining a
bodyguard nor losing the people’s favour[994].
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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