Archaeology; Civilization, Ancient; Despotism; Greece -- History -- To 146 B.C.; Wealth
One detail only is wanted to complete the picture of a potential tyrant
of the early Greek type, such as has been depicted in every section of
this volume, and that feature appears in Valerius Maximus. According to
that writer[1205], who flourished early in the first century A.D.,
Appius possessed “plurimas clientelas.”
[Sidenote: and Mommsen’s conjecture that he aimed at a tyranny.]
All this gives added significance, in the light of our enquiries, to a
brilliant conjecture of Mommsen[1206] that Appius actually attempted to
make himself tyrant. Mommsen relies mainly on a sentence in
Suetonius[1207] which runs: “Claudius Drusus, after a crowned statue had
been set up to him at Appi Forum, endeavoured by means of his clients
(clientelas) to seize Italy.” The context dates the event between the
decemvirate and the first Punic War. The possible period is further
limited by the fact that Appi Forum was only founded by Appius Claudius
Caecus. The name of the would-be tyrant as given by Suetonius is
Claudius Drusus, but this, Mommsen shows, must be corrupt. The mention
of Appi Forum points definitely to Appius Claudius Caecus, the only
person whose name is associated with the place. In another passage of
his history[1208], Mommsen himself observes how Appius shows the spirit
of the Tarquins.
[Sidenote: “Secessions.”]
If we look at the history of the early republic from the plebeian point
of view, there is at least one important feature in the extant
narratives that supports our main conclusions. The most notable weapon
that the fifth century plebeians are represented as employing against
the nobles is the “secession.” The first is recorded under the year of
Spurius Cassius’ consulship, when the men whom Tarquin is accused of
having made into “artizans and quarrymen” proceeded in a body to the
“mons sacer” outside the city, and refused to come back and resume work
until their grievances had been dealt with. The resemblance of the
secession to the modern strike has already been recognized[1209]. It may
be an accident, but if so it is a remarkable one, that the chief weapon
of the class on which Tarquin’s power appears to have rested should have
been one that reappears in history with the organization of the
industrial classes in modern times.
Before we proceed to discuss the value of the narratives that we have
been quoting, there are a few further notices in them that have a place
in this discussion, though they deal not with Rome but with other cities
of Central Italy.
[Sidenote: The part played at Ardea in 440 B.C. by the working-classes.]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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