Archaeology; Civilization, Ancient; Despotism; Greece -- History -- To 146 B.C.; Wealth
Shortly before the days of Sethon another Egyptian king had won great
fame by his recognition of the commercial tendencies of his age. This
was Bocchoris the lawgiver, the solitary representative of the XXIVth
dynasty, who appears for a time to have been recognized as king of Egypt
until in 715 B.C. he was taken and burnt or flayed alive by his
successor Sabacon, the first king of the Ethiopian (XXVth) dynasty[484].
Diodorus says that the laws concerning contracts were attributed to
Bocchoris and that he brought more precision into the matter of
contracts. These statements are illustrated in a remarkable way by
actual business documents that have come down to us from that time[485].
A faience vase (fig. 12) with Egyptian scenes and the name of Bocchoris
has been found in the Etruscan city of Tarquinii (Corneto)[486]. It is
held by Maspero and v. Bissing to be of pure Egyptian workmanship[487].
Before its discovery the only evidence that Bocchoris had dealings with
Europe was a reference in Plutarch[488] which makes Bocchoris the judge
in a case involving a Greek hetaera named Thonis. The Plutarch passage
is doubtful evidence, but the Corneto vase suggests that already in the
reign of Bocchoris the Egyptians and perhaps the king himself already
had dealings with the trading nations of the North. This would fit well
with the fact that Bocchoris was probably the predecessor of a king
whose following consisted of hucksters and artizans and trades people.
Bocchoris himself is said by Diodorus to have been reputed the most
money-loving of men[489].
[Illustration: Fig. 12. Vase with cartouche of Bocchoris found at
Tarquinii.]
[Sidenote: (iii) Tafnekht, father of Bocchoris, resisted the Ethiopians
thanks apparently to his command of the sea.]
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