Moreover, the supposition that the segmental tubular muscles belong throughout to the veno-pericardial group gives an adequate reason why they do not occur in front of the velum; for, as their existence is dependent upon the longitudinal collecting sinus in Limulus and Scorpio, which is represented by the ventral aorta in {314}Ammocoetes, they cannot extend beyond its limits. Now, Dohrn asserts that the ventral aorta terminates in the spiracular artery, which exists only for a short time; and, in another place, speaking of this same termination of the ventral aorta, he states: "Dass je eine vorderste Arterie aus den beiden primären Aesten des Conus arteriosus hervorgeht, die erste Anlage der Thyroidea umfasst, in der Mesodermfalte des späteren Velums in die Höhe steigt um in die Aorta der betreffenden Seite einzumunden." These observations show that the vessel which in Ammocoetes represents the longitudinal collecting sinus in the Merostomata does not extend further forwards than the velum, and in consequence the representatives of the veno-pericardial muscles cannot extend into the segments anterior to the velum. One of the extraordinary characteristics of these tubular muscles which distinguishes them from other muscles, but brings them into close relationship with the veno-pericardial group, is the manner in which the bundles of muscle-fibres are always found lying freely in a blood-space; this is clearly seen in the branchial region, but most strikingly in the velum, the interior of which, apart from its muco-cartilage, is simply a large lacunar blood-space traversed by these tubular muscles. All these reasons point to the same conclusion: the tubular muscles in Ammocoetes are the successors of the veno-pericardial system of muscles. If this is so, then this homology ought to throw light on the extraordinary innervation of these tubular muscles by the _branchialis profundus_ branch of the facial nerve and the velar branch of the trigeminal. We ought, in fact, to find in Limulus a nerve arising exclusively from the ganglia belonging to the chilarial and opercular segments, which, instead of being confined to those segments, traverses the whole branchial region on each side, and gives off a branch to each branchial segment; this branch should supply the veno-pericardial muscle of that side.