The Pacification of BurmaCrosthwaite, C. H. T. (Charles Haukes Todd)
History
The Pacification of Burma
Crosthwaite, C. H. T. (Charles Haukes Todd)
Burma -- History -- 1824-1948
On the 7th of February the force reached Bawyethat Pagoda, about
half-way between Yawnghwè and Kugyo. Here it was met by the Sawbwa Saw
Ôn, who came with the full glory of Shan pomp to welcome the British
representative. It was found that a body of men from Lawksawk had
occupied Kugyo, which is in Yawnghwè territory. Mr. Hildebrand wished
to send a letter to the commander to persuade him to retire his men,
but no one could be found willing to carry it, for fear of the wild
Kachins and Panthays said to be amongst his followers. There was
nothing for it, therefore, but to attack Kugyo, which was taken on the
9th of February, without loss on our side. On the 10th the column made
a formal entry into Yawnghwè and was received with much state by the
Sawbwa. It had been intended to fix the headquarters of the British
Administration a little way off, but the country was found to be
low-lying and unhealthy. A site was chosen on the slope which leads
up from the great lake of Yawnghwè to the Hsahtung range. A fort was
built, and named after Colonel Stedman, the officer commanding the
force. Here the headquarters of the Superintendent of the Southern Shan
States were established.
The arrival of the expedition at Yawnghwè was followed by an immediate
change in the attitude of the neighbouring chiefs. By the middle
of February Yawnghwè had been relieved and the bands attacking him
dispersed. The whole of the Myélat had submitted, most of the chiefs
appearing in person. To the south, Möngpai and others of importance had
accepted the British suzerainty, some by letter and some in person.
To the north, Lawksawk and Möngping held aloof, but it was hoped to
induce them to come in. Laikha, Möngkung, and Kehsi Mansam had declared
themselves on the British side. Letters were despatched to Möngnai and
all the adjacent States, urging them to accept the supremacy of the
British and to cease fighting amongst themselves. Letters were also
sent to the chiefs of Karenni, offering friendship and suggesting a
meeting.
After the dispersal of the bands at Kugyo, the Limbin Confederacy
had withdrawn their troops and the Confederate chiefs had retired to
their own territories. The Limbin had betaken himself to a place near
Hopong. Nevertheless there was no sign of the Eastern States giving in
and dissolving the Confederacy. Letters were again written to them. A
special letter was addressed to the Limbin, promising him his liberty
if he surrendered, with a sufficient pension and a house at Moulmein or
Rangoon.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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