The seven Pan-Angle nations are to-day bound together by friendship and, in some cases, alliance. They are united by sentiment only, whether it be unwritten or written. At this stage many of our groups have found themselves in the past. It has held for them two possibilities. Sentiment was the bond between Pan-Angles after the French War which ended in 1763. The bond failed to hold and separation followed. Sentiment in alliance form was tried in the Articles of Confederation in 1781. It failed; and on its ruins was built a common government. It is of no moment that sentiment in the first case was unwritten, and in the second case, written. Sentiment is not government. Need other cases of failure be mentioned? It is for us to determine whether, when our present relationships change, they give way to separation and weakness, or develop by convergence into the strength of a common government. The motto of our youngest nation points out the hope of our future, "Ex unitate vires." [160-1] J.R. Seeley, _The Expansion of England_, London, 1883, pp.174-175. [161-1] Cf. _ante_, p. 16. [162-1] Jones, _History of New York_, ii. pp. 259,268,500,509, quoted by G. F. Parkin, _Imperial Federation_, London, 1892, note, p. 124. [162-2] _Cf._ G. R. Parkin, _Imperial Federation_, London, 1892, pp. 127, 153. [162-3] J. R. Seeley, _The Expansion of England_, London, 1883, p. 48. [162-4] Alfred Caldecott, _English Colonization and Empire_, London, 1891, pp. 131-133. [163-1] C.A.W. Pownall, _Thomas Pownall_, London, 1908, Supplement, pp. 9, 10. [164-1] G.R. Parkin, _Imperial Federation_, London, 1892, p. 8. [164-2] _Ibid._, p. 163. [164-3] J.R. Seeley, _The Expansion of England_, London, 1883, p. 22. [164-4] For a general account of Ireland in this connection, see Price Collier, _England and the English_, London, 1911, pp. 230-262; and for a constitutional discussion, Cf. _Round Table_, London, December 1913, pp. 1-67. [164-5] H.S. Perris, _Pax Britannica_, London, 1913, p. 139. [165-1] As Home Rule, like other political terms, has been used to denote many theorems, its meaning in any statement depends somewhat on the particular instance. [166-1] W.H. Taft, _Popular Government_, New Haven, Connecticut, 1913, p. 137. [166-2] _Ency. Brit._, vol. xxiii. p. 178, Letter of Abraham Lincoln to Horace Greeley, August 1862. [167-1] _Cf._ W.H. Taft, _Popular Government_, New Haven, Connecticut, 1913, p.151: "It is essential . . . in the life of our dual government that the power and functions of the State governments be maintained in all the fulness that they were intended to have by the framers of the Constitution." [168-1] Woodrow Wilson, _Mere Literature_, Boston, 1900, pp. 208-210. [168-2] _United Empire_ is also the title of the magazine published monthly by the Royal Colonial Institute, London. [168-3] C. W. Dilke, _Greater Britain_, London, 1868; J. R. Seeley, _The Expansion of England_, London, 1883.