[202-2] Letter of Rhodes to Parnell, June 19, 1888, quoted in W. T. Stead, _The Last Will and Testament of Cecil John Rhodes_, London, 1902, pp. 122-124. On p. 120, Stead states as to Rhodes' contribution to the Irish party: "The contract between the African and the Irishman was strictly limited to the conversion of Home Rule from a disruptive to a federative measure. It had no relation directly or indirectly to any of Mr Rhodes' Irish-African schemes. The whole story is told at length by 'Vindex' in an appendix to _The Political Life and Speeches of Mr. Cecil Rhodes_, from which I quote these letters." [203-1] W. T. Stead, _The Last Will and Testament of Cecil John Rhodes_, London, 1902, p. 102, pp. 51-77 and other pages. [204-1] P. A. Silburn, _The Governance of Empire_, London, 1910, p. 191: "Half a century before the union of England and Scotland was brought about, a union of British colonies had been successfully achieved. It was in May 1643 that a convention of colonial representatives confederated the British colonies of Massachusetts, Plymouth, Connecticut, and New Haven as the 'United Colonies of New England.' The negotiations leading up to this confederation had taken six years, but when once the union was effected its advantages were felt immediately. At this time England, engaged elsewhere, had neither the time nor the inclination to interfere with her American colonies. The newly-formed confederation enjoyed almost complete liberty. A year after the union we find this confederation negotiating treaties with the French and projecting defences against the Dutch. But this, the first union of colonies in the Empire, was not a legislative one, it was simply an agreement of 'offence and defence, advice and assistance.'" [205-1] H. E. Egerton, _Federations and Unions within the British Empire_, Oxford, 1911, p. 103, "Articles of Confoederation betwixt the Plantations under the Government of the Massacusetts, the Plantations under the Government of New Plymouth, the Plantations under the Government of Conecticutt, and the Government of Newhaven, with the Plantations in combination with Itt." {206} IX WORKING FOR FEDERATION