[95-2] _Ency. Brit._, vol. vii. p. 15: "The ideas associated with constitution and constitutionalism are thus, it will be seen, mainly of modern and European origin. They are wholly inapplicable to the primitive and simple societies of the present or of the former times. The discussion of forms of government occupies a large space in the writings of the Greek philosophers,--a fact which is to be explained by the existence among the Greeks of many independent political communities, variously organized, and more or less democratic in character. Between the political problems of the smaller societies and those of the great European nations there is no useful parallel to be drawn, although the predominance of classical learning made it the fashion for a long time to apply Greek speculations on the nature of monarchy, aristocracy, and democracy to public questions in modern Europe. Representation . . . the characteristic principle of European constitutions, has, of course, no place in societies which were not too large to admit of every free citizen participating personally in the business of government. Nor is there much in the politics or the political literature of the Romans to compare with the constitutions of modern states. Their political system, almost from the beginning of the empire, was ruled absolutely by a small assembly or by one man." [97-1] _Ency. Brit._, vol. vii. p. 15. [97-2] A. V. Dicey, _The Law of the Constitution_, London, 1885, p.25. [98-1] H. E. Egerton, _Federations and Unions within the British Empire_, Oxford, 1911, p. 33. [98-2] Goldwin Smith, "Canada, England, and the States," in _Contemporary Review_, London, March 1907, p. 851. [98-3] _Ency. Brit._, vol. ii. p. 966. [99-1] W.B. Worsfold, _The Union of South Africa_, London, 1912, p. 128. [99-2] Woodrow Wilson, _The State_, 1897, Boston, rev. ed., 1911, p.462. [100-1] _Ency. Brit._, vol. xvii. p. 858: "Finding themselves without warrant in a region beyond their patent, . . . they drew up and signed before landing a democratic compact of government which is accounted the earliest written constitution in history." [100-2] _Ibid._, vol. xvii. p. 858. [101-1] _Ency. Brit._, vol. xxvii. p. 658. [101-2] _Ibid._ [102-1] J.B. Thayer, _John Marshall_, Boston, 1901, p. 63 [103-1] J.B. Thayer, _John Marshall_, Boston, 1901, p. 61. [104-1] _Round Table_, London, November 1910, p. 62. [104-2] _Ibid._, p. 62. [105-1] _Round Table_, London, November 1910, p. 62. [105-2] "Pacificus," _Federalism and Home Rule_, London, 1910, p. 2. [105-3] _Ency. Brit._, vol. vii. p. 15: "Again, as a term of party politics, constitutional has come to mean, in England, not obedience to constitutional rules . . . but adherence to the existing type of the constitution or to some conspicuous portions thereof,--in other words, conservative." [107-1] Woodrow Wilson, _The State_, 1898, Boston, rev. ed., 1911, p. 378. [107-2] _Ency. Brit._, vol. vii. p. 14.