The ~Jhelam district~ lies to the north of the river of the same name. The district is divided into three _tahsils_, Jhelam, Chakwal, Pind Dadan Khan. The river frontage is long, extending for about 80 miles, and the river valley is about eight miles wide. The district contains part of the Salt Range, from the eastern end of which the Nili and Tilla spurs strike northwards, enclosing very broken ravine country called the Khuddar. The Pabbi tract, embracing the Chakwal _tahsil_ and the north of the Jhelam _tahsil_, is much less broken, though it too is scored by deep ravines and traversed by torrents, mostly flowing north-west into the Sohan river. Two large torrents, the Kaha and the Bunhar, drain into the Jhelam. There are some fertile valleys enclosed in the bare hills of the Salt Range. The average rainfall is about 20 inches and the climate is good. It is hot in summer, but the cold weather is long, and sometimes for short periods severe. There is little irrigation and the harvests are by no means secure. The chief crops are wheat and _bajra_. The country breeds fine horses, fine cattle, and fine men. Numerically Jats, Rajputs, and Awans are the principal tribes, but the Janjuas and Gakkhars, though fewer in number, are an interesting element in the population, having great traditions behind them. Awans, Janjuas, and Gakkhars supply valuable recruits to the army. Most of the villages are far from any railway. [Illustration: Fig. 104.] [Sidenote: Area, 2010 sq. m. Cultd area, 937 sq. m. Pop. 547,827; 83 p.c. M. Land Rev. Rs. 674,650 = L44,977.] [Illustration: Fig. 105.]