~Nizamats.~--There are five _nizamats_ or districts, Pinjaur, Amargarh, Karmgarh, Anahadgarh, and Mohindargarh. Their united area is equivalent to that of two ordinary British districts. The Pinjaur _nizamat_ with headquarters at Rajpura covers only 825 square miles. Of its four _tahsils_ Pinjaur contains the submontane and hill tract, part of the latter being quite close to Simla. The other three _tahsils_ Rajpura, Bannur, and Ghanaur are in the Powadh. The Amargarh _nizamat_ with an area of 855 square miles comprises the three _tahsils_ of Fatehgarh, Sahibgarh, and Amargarh. The first two are rich and fertile well tracts. Amargarh is in the Jangal Des to the south-west of Sahibgarh. It receives irrigation from the Kotla branch of the Sirhind Canal. The Karmgarh _nizamat_ with an area of 1835 square miles contains the four _tahsils_ of Patiala, Bhawanigarh, Sunam, and Nirwana. The headquarters are at Bhawanigarh. The first three are partly in the Powadh, and partly in the Jangal Des. Nirwana is in the Bangar. There is much irrigation from the Sirhind and Western Jamna Canals. The Anahadgarh _nizamat_ lies wholly in the Jangal Des. It has an area of 1836 square miles, and is divided into three _tahsils_, Anahadgarh, Bhikhi, and Govindgarh. The headquarters are at Barnala or Anahadgarh. The Mohindarpur _nizamat_ lies far away to the south on the borders of Jaipur and Alwar (see map on page 226). Its area is only 576 miles and it has two _tahsils_, Mohindargarh or Kanaud and Narnaul. Kanaud is the headquarters. The history down to 1763 has already been related. Raja Ala Singh died in 1765 and was succeeded by his grandson Amar Singh (1765-1781), who was occupied in continual warfare with his brother and his neighbours, as became a Sikh chieftain of those days. His son, Sahib Singh (1781-1813), came under British protection in 1809. Karm Singh (1813-1845), his successor, was our ally in the Gurkha War. Maharaja Narindar Singh, K.C.S.I. (1845-1862), was a wise and brave man, who gave manful and most important help in 1857. His son, Maharaja Mohindar Singh (1862-1876), succeeded at the age of ten and died 14 years later. His eldest son, Maharaja Rajindar Singh (1876-1900), was only four when he succeeded and died at the age of 28. Another long minority, that of the present Maharaja Bhupindar Singh, only came to an end a few years ago. In the last fifty years Patiala has in consequence of three minorities been governed, and as a rule successfully governed, for long periods by Councils of Regency. The State in 1879 sent a contingent of 1100 men to the Afghan War. It maintains an Imperial Service Force consisting of two fine regiments of infantry and one of cavalry. Maharaja Rajindar Singh went with one of these regiments to the Tirah Expedition. [Sidenote: Area, 1259 sq. m. Cultd area, 1172 sq. m. Pop. 248,887; 78 p.c. H. and J.[15] 14 p.c. M. 8 p.c. S. Rev. Rs. 19,00,000 = L126,666.]