The Harmony Society, small in numbers, the Lutherans and German Reformed, came largely from south Germany and the Palatinate, but also from other parts of Germany. The Lutherans and the Reformed were the large sects in Pennsylvania. Germans from the Hudson valley migrated to Berks County around Reading. The Swedes in New Jersey were almost exclusively below Philadelphia—from Gloucester down the Delaware River. Before the Revolution there were about 30,000 Germans in Pennsylvania, out of a total estimated population of 100,000 to 120,000. 84 : 16. Scotch-Irish. See _The Scotch-Irish in America_, by Henry Jones Ford; and also Sir George Trevelyan on the Irish Protestants in chap. XI, vol. II, of _George III and Charles Fox_. 87 : 24. In this connection it is interesting to note that an early Egyptian king said almost the same concerning the negroes of his time. The quotation is taken from Hall’s _Ancient History of the Near East_, pp. 161–162, and is a translation of a portion of the manifesto of Senusert III, of the XIIth dynasty, which he caused to be set up at the time of the Nubian wars: “Vigor is valiant, but cowardice is vile. He is a coward who is vanquished on his own frontier, since the negro will fall prostrate at a word; answer him, and he retreats; if one is vigorous, he turns his back, retiring even when on the way to attack. Behold, these people have nothing terrible about them; they are feeble and insignificant; they have buttocks for hearts. I have seen it, even I, the majesty; it is no lie....” 88 : 9. Barrett Wendell, _A Literary History of America_, chap. III. 88 : 28. The belief in the approximation of the Anglo-Saxon in America to the Amerindian is widespread, but is entirely without justification, scientific or otherwise. 89 : 1. Hall, _Immigration Restriction and World Eugenics_, and especially his _Immigration_, pp. 107–112. 91 : 1. Hall, 2. 94 : 1. Beddoe, 5, p. 416. For similar conclusions see DeLapouge, _passim_; G. Retzius, 3; and Roese, _Beiträge zur Europäischen Rassenkunde_. Fleure and James, pp. 125 and 151–152 make similar observations. _PART II_ EUROPEAN RACES IN HISTORY CHAPTER I. EOLITHIC MAN 97 : 10. Osborn, 1, the tables on pp. 18 and 41. 98 : 15. Galton, pp. 309–310; Woods, 1, chap. XVIII. 99 : 5–10. _A Statistical Study of American Men of Science_, J. McKeen Cattell, especially _Science_, vol. XXXII, no. 828, pp. 553–555.