167 : 13 _seq._ R. G. Latham was the first to propound the theory of the European origin of the Indo-Europeans. He says that there is “a tacit assumption that as the east is the probable quarter in which either the human species or the greater part of our civilization originated, everything came from it. But surely in this there is a confusion between the primary diffusion of mankind over the world at large and those secondary movements by which, according to even the ordinary hypothesis, the Lithuanians, etc., came from Asia into Europe.” 167 : 17. See _The So-Called North European Race of Mankind_, by G. Retzius. Linnæus and DeLapouge were the first to use this term, _homo Europæus_. See Ripley, pp. 103 and 121. 168 : 13. See the notes to pp. 31 : 16 and 224 : 19. 168 : 19 _seq._ Ripley, chap. IX, p. 205, based on Arbo, Hultkranz and others. G. Retzius, in the article mentioned above, pp. 303–306, and also _Crania Suecica_; L. Wilser; K. Penka; O. Schrader, 2 and 3; Feist, 5; Mathæus Much; Hirt, 1; and Peake, 2, pp. 162–163, are other authorities. There are many more. 169 : 1 _seq._ G. Retzius, 3, p. 303. See also 1, for the racial homogeneity of Sweden. 169 : 9. Osborn, 1, pp. 457–458, and authorities given. 169 : 14. Gerard de Geer, _A Geochronology of the Last 12,000 Years_. 169 : 20 _seq._ See the note to p. 117 : 18. 170 : 3 _seq._ Cuno, _Forschungen im Gebiete der alten Völkerkunde_; Pösche, _Der Arier_. 170 : 10 _seq._ Peake, 2; Woodruff, 1, 2; and Myres, 1, p. 15. See also the notes to pp. 168 : 19 and Chap. IX of this book. 170 : 21. See the notes to pp. 213 _seq._ 170 : 29–171 : 12. See Osborn’s map, 1, p. 189. 171 : 12. _Cf._ Ellsworth Huntington, _The Pulse of Asia_. 171 : 25. Peake, 2, and Montelius, _Sweden in Heathen Times_, and most of the authors already given on the subject of the Nordics. 172 : 1–25. Ripley, pp. 346–348, and pp. 352 _seq._, together with the authorities quoted. Also Feist, 5, and Zaborowski, 1, pp. 274–278. Marco Polo, about 1298, in chap. XLVI, of his travels, says that the Russian men were extremely well favored, tall and with fair complexions. The women were also fair and of a good size, with light hair which they were accustomed to wear long. 173 : 9. See Bury, _History of Greece_, pp. 111–112, and the notes to Chap. XIV of this hook. 173 : 11. Saka or Sacæ. See the notes to p. 259 : 21.