Sovereignty question in system of mandates Spitzbergen disposition Strategic influence on boundary lines Straus, Oscar S. favors League as reported Supreme War Council, American members added, 14; and Cecil plan; and Council of Ten. Syria, protectorate. _See also_ Near East. Taft, William H., supports League as reported. Transylvania, disposition, Treaty of Peace. _See_ Peace. Treaty-making power, President's responsibility, duties of negotiators, and affirmative guaranty, Trieste, disposition; importance, Turkey, dismemberment and mandates, _See also_ Near East. Ukraine, Wilson and; autonomy, and Ruthenians. Unanimity, requirement in League. Violation of the League, action concerning, in Wilson's original draft, in Cecil plan; in Treaty, War. _See_ Arbitration; League of Nations; Prevention. White, Henry, arrival in Paris; opposes affirmative guaranty; and Covenant as reported and later amendments; and proposed French alliance; and Shantung question. _See also_ American programme; American Commission. Wickersham, George W., supports League as reported. Williams, E. T., and Shantung question, Wilson, Woodrow, responsibility for foreign relations; duties of negotiators to, and opposition, presumption of self-assurance, conference on armistice terms; disregard of precedent; and need of defeat of enemy; and Commission of Inquiry; open-mindedness; and advice on personal conduct; positiveness and indecision; and election of 1918; prejudice against legal attitude; prefers written advice, arrives in Paris, reception abroad, on equality of nations, and separation of powers, denounces balance of power, and self-determination, conference of Jan. 10, contempt for Hague Tribunal, fidelity to convictions, return to United States, return to Paris, and mandates, and French alliance, and open rupture with Lansing, and team-work, decides for a definitive treaty only, rigidity of mind, secretive nature, and Fiume, Italian resentment and Shantung, and Bullitt affair, Treaty as abandonment of his principles, Fourteen Points, principles of peace (Feb. 1918), _See also_ American programme; Commission on the League; Council of Four; Lansing; League; Peace; President as delegate; Secret diplomacy. Withdrawal from League, provision in Treaty, through failure to approve amendments. World Peace Foundation, Zionism, and self-determination, Zone system in mutual guaranty plan,