This was a chance seedling which originated in Brittany. Leroy states that he cultivated it in Anjou and first entered it in his catalog in 1851. Fruit rather large, ovoid, often more swelled on one side than on the other, bronze, with some greenish dots and patches, the skin rough to the touch; flesh whitish, semi-fine, semi-melting, gritty around the core; juice very abundant, sugary, vinous, sometimes astringent and sometimes also delicate and perfumed; second only on account of its variability, for in the same season it may produce some exquisite fruit, some only good and some only medium in quality. =Autocrat.= =1.= _Jour. Hort._ 3rd Ser. =3=:260. 1881. Described in the Journal of Horticulture, London, as a new and very large pear ripening at the end of October. It was a seedling from Beurré Capiaumont and is very hardy, robust and free, and quite distinct in growth and fruit. =Autumn Bergamot= (English). =1.= _Pom. Mag._ =3=:120, Pl. 1830. =2.= Lindley _Guide Orch. Gard._ 352. 1831. The English Autumn Bergamot or _Common Bergamot_ is a distinct variety and not synonymous with the _Bergamotte d'Automne_ of France. Writing in the early part of the eighteenth century, Switzer stated, and his statement was endorsed by Lindley in 1831, that the Autumn Bergamot was introduced into England in the days of Julius Caesar, that it was possibly the _Assyrian Pear_ of Virgil, and was in that case to have been found in the "once celebrated and famous gardens of Alcinöus." This is a doubtful conjecture, though without doubt the variety is of very ancient origin. Fruit small, globular-obtuse, yellowish-green, dull brown where exposed to the sun and profusely speckled with gray russet; flesh greenish-white, tender, melting, somewhat gritty at the core, juicy, and of a rich flavor; a dessert pear of first quality; Oct. Tree vigorous, prolific, forms a handsome standard and succeeds on either quince or pear. =Autumn Colmar.= =1.= Lindley _Guide Orch. Gard._ 363. 1831. =2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 487. 1884. _De Bavay._ =3.= Mas _Le Verger_ =3=: Pt. 1, 175, fig. 86. 1866-73. =4.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =1=:184, fig. 1867. This seedling of Van Mons was described in 1830 in the London Horticultural Society's Garden as a new Flemish pear. It was received there from Van Mons without a name and so became known in the collection as Autumn Colmar from a fancied resemblance of its flavor to that of the old Colmar. Fruit large, obtuse-pyriform, rounded at the base, lemon-yellow, strewed with dots and patches of russet; flesh coarse, sweet, juicy, astringent, rather gritty at the core; second; Sept. and Oct. =Autumn Joséphine.= =1.= _Jour. Hort._ N. S. =20=:29, fig. 1871. =2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 488. 1884.