The Peoples of IndiaAnderson, J. D. (James Drummond)
Religion
The Peoples of India
Anderson, J. D. (James Drummond)
Caste -- India; Ethnology -- India; India -- Languages; India -- Religion
The first of these was Rāmānuja, who lived in the eleventh century A.D.
Fifth in succession to him was Rāmānanda, who lived in the fourteenth
century and was the missionary of popular Vaishnavism in Northern India.
To him that tract owes the prevalence of the cult of Rāma and his wife
Sītā, the hero and heroine of the Epic known as the Rāmāyana. His chief
innovation was the admission of low-caste disciples into the communion.
His disciple, the famous Kabir (1380-1420 A.D.), went further. He even
linked Hinduism with Islam. Himself a humble weaver, he taught the
spiritual equality of all men. God is one, he argued, by whatever name
men choose to call Him. The accidents of life, social station and caste,
happiness and grief, prosperity and misfortune, are all the results of
Māya or Illusion. Happiness comes not by formula or sacrifice but by
passionate adoration (_bhakti_) of God. Kabir's chief importance in the
history of Hindu evolution is in the fact that his doctrines were the
origin of Sikhism.
Another great name in the democratic Vaishnava reformation was that of
Chaitanya (1485-1527 A.D.). Mr E. A. Gait writes of him that he was "a
Baidik Brāhman. He preached mainly in Central Bengal and Orissa, and his
doctrine found ready acceptance among large numbers of the people,
especially among those who were still, or had only recently ceased to
be, Buddhists. This was mainly due to the fact that he drew his
followers from all sources, so much so that even Muhammadans followed
him. He preached vehemently against the immolation of animals in
sacrifice, and the use of animal food and stimulants, and taught that
the true road to salvation lay in bhakti, or fervent devotion to God. He
recommended Rādhā worship, and taught that the love felt by her for
Krishna was the highest form of devotion. The acceptable offerings were
flowers, money, and the like; but the great form of worship was the
Sankirtan, or procession of worshippers playing and singing. The
peculiarity of Chaitanya's cult is that the post of spiritual guide, or
Goshain, is not confined to Brāhmans, and several of those best known
belong to the Baidya caste[5]."
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
Reviews
Reviews
No reviews yet
Be the first to share your thoughts on this work.
Elsewhere in the archive
Join the Discussion
Join the discussion
Sign in to leave a comment or review.
Sign InorCreate an account