The Peoples of IndiaAnderson, J. D. (James Drummond)
Religion
The Peoples of India
Anderson, J. D. (James Drummond)
Caste -- India; Ethnology -- India; India -- Languages; India -- Religion
The final result of some seven hundred years of Muhammadan rule in
various parts of the country is that Musalmāns are in excess of Hindus
only in the Western Panjāb, which is in contact with a purely Muhammadan
country, and in Eastern Bengal, where the aboriginal low-caste Hindu was
glad to get social promotion by accepting Islam, and where he thrives
and prospers at the expense of his Hindu brother, partly because his
diet is more nutritious, partly because he does not practise
infant-marriage and other debilitating customs.
As has been said above, Animism has affected Islam as well as Hinduism.
From the old religion of the country Musalmāns have borrowed demonology,
a belief in witchcraft, and the worship of departed Pirs or saints. The
most remarkable instance of the latter is the sect of the Pachpiriyas of
Bengal, the worshippers of the Five Saints, a cult which some have
traced to the cult of the five Pāndava heroes of the Mahābhārata. The
five Pirs, however, vary in name from district to district. In Eastern
Bengal, no one, whether Hindu or Musalmān (or, I had almost said,
Christian), begins a journey by boat without a loud and hearty
invocation of the Ganges, the Wind, the Five Pirs, and Pir Badr before
mentioned.
Of the two great sects of Islam, the Sunnis and the Shias, the former
are by far the most numerous in India. The Sunnis or Traditionalists
accept the Sunnat or collected body of Arabic usage as possessing
authority concurrent with that of the Koran, which is the sole scripture
of the Shias. Yet in Eastern Bengal the annual procession of the Tazias,
or representations of the tombs of the martyred grandsons of the
Prophet, is much attended by Sunnis (though for them the practice is
unorthodox), and indeed by Hindus also. In other parts of India, the
Mohurram festival has often led to serious encounters between Hindus and
Musalmāns, and even in Calcutta and Bombay has been the cause of
dangerous riots.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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