The standard authority on the modern languages of India is Sir G. A. Grierson's work on _The Languages of India_ (Calcutta, 1903). It will, however, be superseded by the book which Sir G. A. Grierson is now writing on the basis of the further materials collected in his _Linguistic Survey_, and in the Census Reports of 1911. The eleven volumes hitherto published of the _Survey_ itself give specimens of the Indian languages and skeleton grammars. CHAPTER III Professor Macdonell's _History of Sanskrit Literature_ (Heinemann, 1905) contains a fascinating and readable account of the Hindu scriptures from the Vedic ages up to modern times. Professor Hopkins' _Religions of India_ and _India Old and New_ deal with both the literature and the actual working of Indian religions. Mr W. Crooke's _Native Races of Northern India_ is a popular account of the Aryan region, and Mr Thurston's _Castes and Tribes of Southern India_. Madras, Government Press. 1908. Though it is more elaborate and scientific in its treatment, is full of matters which are interesting not only to the specialist. Meredith Townsend's _Asia and Europe_. London. Archibald Constable. 1905. Is still an interesting and suggestive study of the differences between East and West, and Sir A. C. Lyall's _Asiatic Studies_ are the even more illuminating results of a long, intimate, and sympathetic familiarity with Indian religious thought. The chapter on Religion in the forthcoming Census Report for 1911 will contain the latest fruits of research, statistical and other. There is an enormous mass of literature dealing in detail with the religions and sects of India. A selected list of books will be found at p. 446 of the _Imperial Gazetteer_. INDEX Abor race, 44 Accent in Indian languages, 74 Ādi Brāhmo Samāj, 96 Alphabets of India, 70 Animism among Muhammadans, 99 Animistic religions of India, 81 Animists as potential Hindus, 83 _Anu-loma_ castes, 38 Apabhramsa or "decayed" languages, 75 Arjuna, supposed ancestor of Manipur dynasty, 42 Aryan settlement in Gangetic _do-āb_, 27 Aryan settlement in the Panjāb, 26 Aryo-Dravidian type of race, 22 _Assam, History of_, by E. A. Gait, 45 Assamese language, 76 Bannerjee, Rev. K. M., 95 Bengali language, 76 Bengali race, origins of, 28 Bihārī language, 76 Bohra Muhammadans, 101 Brachycephalous races, 17 Brahma, one of the Hindu Trinity, 91 Brāhmanas, sacred books, 88 Brāhmans of Bengal, 17 Brāhmo Samāj in Bengal, 94 Brāhui language, 62, 66 Buddha (Gautama) and Buddhism, 89 Caste, definition of, 35; functional type of, 45; as divided in _gotras_, 41; as a result of migration, 49; as resulting from change of custom, 50; as formed by mixture of blood, 47; of the national type, 48; sectarian type, 46; tribal castes, 40, 43; as including Koches and other indigenous tribes, 109 Chaitanya, Hindu reformer, 92 Chandāls, 38 Chitrangadā, supposed ancestress of Manipur dynasty, 42 Clans, exogamous, 35