[7] Kroeber, _The Arapaho_, 406-407; Parsons, _Taos Pueblo_, 65. [8] Radin, _A Sketch of the Peyote Cult_, 5-6, 19-20; _The Winnebago Tribe_, 395. [9] E.g., Charles Lonewolf (Kiowa) in _Peyote as Used in Religious Worship_, 53; Hoebel, _Comanche Field Notes_. Again, all the prestige of the culture itself was behind Old Man White Horn’s pronouncement to the psychotic Oto, R. E., that peyote would protect him. This individual suffered apparently from an obsessional neurosis (stereotyped actions, collecting string, rolling and unrolling balls of it, persecutory fears, avoidance of people, fear of being pursued etc.). If his difficulties had originally arisen from real or supposed aggressions upon him of members of his group, the therapeutic value of the assertion that the fetish would protect him is obvious. For the belief that it would protect him was shared by all the others present, and he had the support of the enormous impetus a deep-seated culture-pattern possesses. The importance of the fetish plant as a psychic “authority” should likewise not be minimized. [10] Opler, _The Influence of Aboriginal Pattern_, _passim_. [11] For one matter, the shaman’s staff never left his hand to be passed around as in the Plains; and each individual had some prophylactic fetish in his hand which he never dared relinquish throughout the meeting. Note, too, the fetish peyote on the altar: on this the leader could detect evil thoughts and acts, such as the magic intrusive “shooting” of water-beetles and feathers by rival shamans into each other. [12] Radin, _Crashing Thunder_, 180, see also 193-94, 198-99; _A Sketch of the Peyote Cult_, 8-9; Densmore, _Winnebago Songs of the Peyote Ceremony_. [13] Skinner, _Societies of the Iowa_, 725; Radin, _Crashing Thunder_, 177; _A Sketch of the Peyote Cult_, 5-6, 19-20; _The Winnebago Tribe_, 395; Densmore, _The Peyote Cult_; _Winnebago Songs of the Peyote Ceremony_. Confession is present in Iowa, Oto, and Winnebago peyotism. But I have noted non-peyote instances of public confession among Aztecs, Aurohuaca, Carrier, Chichimeca, Crow, Dogrib, Eskimo, Guatemaltecans, Huichol, Ijca, Inca, Iroquois, Maya, Nicarao, Plains Cree, Plains Ojibwa, Salteaux, Shawnee, Slave, Tahltan, Western Apache, Yellowknife, and Yucatecans. Related practices are reported for the Arikara, Blackfoot, Southern Cheyenne, Oglala, and Sarsi. [14] Radin, _Crashing Thunder_, 171, 186-87; Petrullo, _The Diabolic Root_, 111. [15] Densmore, _Winnebago Songs of the Peyote Ceremony_. [16] Michelson, _Sauk and Fox Myths_.