Indians of North America -- Religion; Indians of North America -- Rites and ceremonies; Peyotism
Containers found here and in another site held nothing but
a few seeds of the poisonous wild “bean,” which may have
ceremonial significance.
This inference is not implausible when we recall the Mexican mode of
keeping peyote.[5]
The use of peyote in racing and in ball games is noted for the Tarahumari
and Tamaulipecan groups, and in this connection it is interesting to
learn that the Wichita used to eat mescal beans before they ran a race.
A Cheyenne informant said that his tribe used the “red-berry” as an
eye-wash long before they knew of peyote, though he never heard of their
eating it; “it’s poison,” he said. The Comanche used to get mescal beans
from near Fort Stanton, apparently for ornamental purposes only.[6] Like
most of the Plains tribes, the Kickapoo used mescal beans chiefly as
beads, but in common with the Cheyenne they used them medicinally: for
earache they boiled, mashed and strained the beans through a cloth.
The Kiowa use the ḱɔnḱoλ or mescal beans typically, as beads in peyote
meetings, much as they formerly wore bandoliers of them on the war-path.
One Kiowa is said to have chewed the inside of a mescal bean before
breaking a bad wild horse bareback. A Kiowa peyote chief had several of
the beans on his moccasin heel-fringe, to protect from the dangers of
inadvertently stepping on menstrual blood, and another Kiowa “peyote boy”
had a mescal bean attached to the thong of his gourd rattle. Mescal beans
are clearly thought to possess great medicine-power.
The Iowa had leggings which Skinner thought might have been of a modified
Kiowa-Comanche type, with a perforated scarlet mescal bean (Iowa, maka
shutze, “red medicine”) knotted on each thong of the fringe. The Omaha
used as beads and good luck charms bright red beans which Gilmore thought
were _Erythrina_, and which they called makaⁿ zhide or “red medicine”
likewise. In adopting the use of chinaberries (_Melia azerdache_ L.) as
beads, they likened them to mescal beans and called them, curiously,
makaⁿ-zhide sabe, “black red-medicine.”[7] Pawnee informants said that
long ago they used bat or mescal beans for medicine “to strengthen the
body,” but now use them only for decoration. The Oto used to eat “liar(?)
berries” or mescal beans in one of their lodges; they had the interesting
superstition that they breed (recalling the sex attributed to peyote):
Tie two or three in a bundle, leave it a year or so, and when
you open it again you’ll have a dozen.
The inference that the Pawnee and Oto used the mescal bean ritually is
borne out by the Iowa, who had a full-fledged ceremony called the “Red
Bean Dance:”[8]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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