Indians of North America -- Religion; Indians of North America -- Rites and ceremonies; Peyotism
From Dr. Parsons’ careful account, it is clear that Taos practises the
classical Plains rite. Contact with the Arapaho-Cheyenne version dates
at least as far back as 1907, and tentative beginnings of this sort
continued in later years.[28] Interestingly, Cozio recorded in 1720 the
prosecution of a Taos Indian who had taken peyote and disturbed the
town.[29] In any case the history of peyote at Taos has been a stormy
one.[30] About 1918 the hierarchy became bitterly opposed to peyote,
and turned three men out of their kiva membership in an attempt to
rout it out. Dr. Parsons[31] believes that the weakness of the kachina
cult at Taos accounts perhaps for peyote getting any foothold there at
all. It is no coincidence that the Water Kiva, which has to do with
the main elements of the kachina cult, the pilgrimage, is the one most
outstandingly opposed to peyote. Considerable political activity has
erupted over the issue, and Dr. Parsons surmises that the protective
influence of a recently deceased political figure in the pueblo was also
of significance. It may well be that recent Federal legislation will so
strengthen the hand of the civil authorities at Taos that the suppression
of peyote can be accomplished; in 1923 the number of “peyote boys” was
only 52 in a population of 635.
In the Plains the most important tribes in the diffusion of the peyote
cult were the Kiowa, the Comanche, and to a lesser degree perhaps, the
Caddo. Most Kiowa agree that they got peyote and the accompanying ritual
from the Mescalero Apache. The usual story is that a raiding party came
to the Apache country, and that during an Apache peyote meeting being
held at the time, the leader by clairvoyant means was made aware of the
approach of the war-party leader. He told his fireman to invite the man
in, enemy though he was. In this manner the man learned the ceremony, and
at the end he was presented with peyote and ritual paraphernalia to take
back to his tribe.[32]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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