Indians of North America -- Religion; Indians of North America -- Rites and ceremonies; Peyotism
Bąįgʸä predicted that a great whirlwind would come in the spring,
followed by a four-day prairie-fire in which the Whites and all their
works would be destroyed and the buffalo and the old Indian life
restored. He ordered all the Kiowa to gather at Elk Creek, where they
would be safe when the catastrophe came. He claimed that his followers
would be invulnerable to the white soldiers’ bullets, and that he himself
could kill the latter with the glance of his eye as far as he could see
them. As the time grew near there was intense excitement and the whole
tribe, save for a few skeptical chiefs and medicine men, assembled at
the appointed spot. When the holocaust failed to materialize the people
lost faith in him. He held his original group together until the coming
of the Ghost Dance in the fall of 1890. Shortly before this his son had
died, and when the Ghost Dance came he claimed to have seen the fresh
tracks of this son on his grave, resurrected, and through this revelation
attempted to identify his group with the Ghost Dance, without, however,
any success. His disciples continued to ride around together in a group,
and maintained their bitter hostility to peyote, but were not taken
seriously. Finally, indeed, Lone Bear and other Sons of the Sun, became
staunch peyote-users themselves and opposition vanished.
The first Comanche user of peyote was Buigʷat, who married an Apache
woman and is said to have learned it from the Mescalero. Other early
users were Dešode (“Smart Man”) and Tašipa, but by far the most important
peyote leader among the Comanche was Quanah Parker. Previously opposed
to it, he later changed his mind when peyote cured an illness of his.
One of the earliest Comanche meetings was held east of Fort Sill in
1873 or 1874, about the time Kicking Bird was imprisoned there. Quanah
subsequently visited the Cheyenne, Arapaho, Ponca, Oto, Pawnee and Osage
among others[37] and conducted meetings among them in the early 1890’s.
The Comanche origin legend is similar to that of the Kiowa, except that
the White Mountain Apache were involved.
Regardless of priority, the prestige of both these tribes as teachers of
peyote is considerable.[38] Due to their influence, peyote spread rapidly
in Oklahoma until it assumed the proportions of an “international”
religion such as the Ghost Dance had been. Distinctly a reservation
phenomenon in the days following the cessation of intertribal warfare,
peyotism was able to exploit the friendly contacts growing out of the
Ghost Dance. As Opler writes, “The spread and increased prominence of
peyote ceremonies coincided suggestively with the final triumph of white
civilization over the tribes of our western plains, those very groups
upon whom peyote obtained so strong a hold.”
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
Reviews
Reviews
No reviews yet
Be the first to share your thoughts on this work.
Elsewhere in the archive
Join the Discussion
Join the discussion
Sign in to leave a comment or review.
Sign InorCreate an account