Indians of North America -- Religion; Indians of North America -- Rites and ceremonies; Peyotism
Manet (datura) was given to boys of 18-20 in a ceremony lasting
3 to 6 days in which other younger boys of 6-10 years were
taught clan and “enemy” songs by their fathers. The paha or
leader prepared strings of reed, eagle and flicker feathers
which were worn by the dancers, who practiced away from the
village. The drinking ceremony or kiksawel took place inside
the ceremonial dance house, and women and children were warned
away by the manet-dancer’s bull-roarer.[37] Each boy was
given a drink of a decoction of datura pounded in a mortar
by the clan chief. The men in the enclosure took each boy by
the waist, and they all danced around the fire, led by the
manet-dancer. The boys remained unconscious in the house all
night when the effect of the drug became manifest, and were
removed the following afternoon to a secluded cañon where for
a week they were taught songs and dances nightly. The last
afternoon a sand-painting was made and its symbolism explained.
After an ant-ordeal and a fire-dance they were regarded as men
and full-fledged members of the clan.
A second group of tribes in the San Joaquin basin and Sierra Nevada
foothills had a datura-drinking ceremonial every spring for both sexes
shortly after the age of puberty.[38]
The participant’s social status was not changed and the
rite alone constituted a ceremonial unit, the tananhibina
or tanabi-drinking of the Western Mono. Dancing to clappers
took place until the children fell unconscious, whereupon
they were carried away to special camps by relatives. If
a person appeared to be covered with blood or maggots and
vermin (the causes of sickness), they were brushed off with
an eagle-feather brush.[39] In discovering the sickness the
seer used an eagle-bone whistle which enabled him to “hear”
the sickness; if a man had poison, one could see where it was.
One could also see things at very great distances, as well as
discover what medicine-man had caused the death of people by
witchcraft. The seer could likewise find lost articles and
discover wealth by means of datura. The drinkers were guarded
during this time lest they harm themselves or be harmed.
Some men did not have any datura-visions; this was because
some medicine-man feared his bad deeds would be discovered,
and hence rendered the drink harmless by magic and “covered
up” those persons. If a medicine-man wanted to become very
powerful, he took tanabi on ten successive seasons. Datura
leaves were placed on the forehead of a dead person to drive
out the spirit,[40] and people boiled tanabi leaves so the
steam filled their house that the spirit of the dead man would
not return to them in dreams.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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