Indians of North America -- Religion; Indians of North America -- Rites and ceremonies; Peyotism
[5] Mooney, _Tarumari-Guayachic_, says sunami is very much respected, and
is used only by doctors. Women doctors grind them on metates, placing
the plant upright and crushing it with one blow (cf. the “killing” of
mescal beans in the Plains). Doctors assemble for this feast, which
requires the sacrifice of a beef. Special rites attend its gathering,
and it must be gathered in a black blanket and bleeds red blood. It
must be kept in a double basket in a cave, lest it hear quarreling in
the house. It dislikes fire, and after ten or twenty years it loses its
virtue and must be replanted with copal incensing where originally found.
Doctors rub tizwin-and-sunami over the heart and rest of the body, for it
makes one win races. _Anhalonium fissuratum_ has a striking resemblance
to deer-hooves; it is likely the hikuli referred to in this and other
Tarahumari-Huichol tales—but it should be recalled that peyotism in
Mexico is also connected with deer-hunting.
[6] Lumholtz, _Unknown Mexico_, 1:373-74; Mooney, _Tarumari-Guayachic_,
says this variety is as big as a man’s hat. The description probably
refers to an occasional polycephalous specimen of _Lophophora williamsii_
(hikuli wanamé).
[7] Lumholtz, _Unknown Mexico_ 1:374; _Tarahumari Dances_, 253, 452-54;
cf. Mooney’s (_Tarumari-Guayachic_) kókoyómi. Mooney thought Lumholtz’
“walulasahane” was Tepecano, not Tarahumari.
[8] The resemblance of some _Mammillaria_ spp. to a head or scalp of hair
is quite striking; Higgins, in fact, figures an “Old Man Cactus” with
long flowing white “hair.”
[9] Bennett and Zingg, _The Tarahumara_, 290.
[10] Bennett and Zingg, _op. cit._, 137, 295. The users of bakánawa
believe it to be even more powerful than peyote. One can more easily
believe that the ataxic gait of a peyote-intoxicated person would “throw”
him over a cliff or break a leg, than that it would result in any
conspicuously superior racing ability.
[11] Dorman, in Bourke, _Scatalogical Rites_, 91, says mushrooms
were “worshipped” in the Antilles, in Virginia, and possibly also in
California. The Siberian use of _Amanita_ spp. is well-known, but no
doubt these sporadic uses are all independent of each other.
[12] Lumholtz, _Unknown Mexico_, 2:354; see also notes 41, 45, 48 in
Appendix 6.
[13] The writer has published elsewhere on the subject of the numerous
native American beers (see _Native American Beers_). So far as a
cactus-source of these is concerned, the following groups make use of
_Cereus giganteus_ Englm. and _C. Thurberi_ Englm. for their sahuaro
drink: Huichol (?), Pima, Maricopa, Yuma, Papago, Halchidoma (?), and San
Carlos Apache.
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