Indians of North America -- Religion; Indians of North America -- Rites and ceremonies; Peyotism
[18] Wertham and Bleuler, _Inconstancy of the Formal Structure of
the Personality_. The general thesis of these experimenters was that
personality types might be studied as they were exteriorized in mescaline
intoxication via the Rorschach test. One of the observers described two
personalities in a normal subject in two periods of intoxication, not
knowing that it was the same person. They conclude, interestingly: “It is
suggested that these observations indicate that the form of a personality
is not a constant, but that it may be influenced by outer circumstances,
and that the usual psychologic ‘type’ of a person does not necessarily
exhaust the description of the formal structure of his personality.”
[19] “What an excellent use for a medical congress,” Sir Francis Galton
dryly wrote Havelock Ellis (_Mescal: A Study_, 71, note), “to put one
half of their members under mescal, and to make the other half observe
them.”
[20] Lumholtz, _Unknown Mexico_, 1: 359; cf. _Explorations in Mexique_,
181-82. It is a curious west-European mode of reasoning that leads one to
expect in all psychic upsetments such as this the emergence of the sexual
anxiety—more particularly in the case of peyote intoxication, which
provokes marked fall of heart-beat, physical and mental depression at one
stage, uncomfortable “stomach fullness” and acute nausea!
[21] Wertham and Bleuler, 60. The presence of prior suggestion is
blatantly obvious. Cf. Karwoski, 212: “To the sexologist an easy way of
obliterating temporarily the genital response is offered since mescal is
a powerful anaphrodisiac.... My own experience confirms the anaphrodisiac
properties of mescal, but the fact that under its influence I found my
imagination turning to erotic situations, although temporarily impotent,
is an illustration of the persistence of conditioning that offers an
interesting suggestion with reference to the extirpation experiments
reported in the controversy over the James-Lange theory of emotions.”
Unfortunately, _culture_ cannot be extirpated.
[22] Fernberger, _Further Observations_, 368. But Fernberger
misunderstood his informant, Petrullo, who (_The Diabolic Root_, 8, note)
of course disclaims this statement from “which” on.
[23] Field workers protest privately, but not often enough explicitly,
against the projection of these culturally- and personally-subjective
values into other cultures. The envisaging of primitive cultures as
unspoiled Arcadias where one’s frustrated dreams for one’s own culture
come true, is at least as old as Tacitus’ “Germania,” and is still going
on, not alone among laymen.
[24] We repeat that results _either positive or negative_ for white
observers have no bearing on the problem as regards natives, as this
problem is cultural.
[25] Fernberger, _Further Observations_, 377.
[26] All but one vomited.
[27] It is scarcely surprising that one does not find in Indian
ceremonies what is not there.
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