Indians of North America -- Religion; Indians of North America -- Rites and ceremonies; Peyotism
[87] As told, this seemed to have reference to the miraculous
proliferation of the Biblical loaves and fishes, but it is sufficiently
similar to aboriginal hunting beliefs.
[88] The Comanche and others usually had a meeting on the spot, eating
green peyote.
[89] The Kiowa now have five Easter meetings, six on New Year’s Day, four
to six on Thanksgiving, and two or three on Armistice Day (by World War
soldiers and sailors). Bert Crow-lance vowed to eat a hundred if all the
Kiowa boys returned safely from the War (but this is an enormous quantity
actually to have eaten). The Kiowa differ from other groups in having
no funeral meetings; mourners commonly abstain for several months from
meetings. Meetings have been held for heyoka-like display. The Comanche
formerly held meetings before a war journey to invoke peyote’s protection
from the enemy, and to prophesy the outcome of the battle.
[90] “A sweatbath was always undergone by warriors preparing for war ...
and perhaps generally, before any serious or hazardous undertaking....
Sweating was important in medical practice for the cure of disease....
Sometimes the friends and relatives of the sick person ... assembled in
the sweathouse, sang and prayed for the patient’s recovery” (_Handbook of
the American Indians_, 2:661b). The peyote meeting and sweating present
many such analogies.
[91] Painting is commonly dictated in visions: a Kiowa saw a red-bird
after a meeting once as a red-blanketed man who told him to use red paint
thereafter. Comanche formerly went in wearing only breech-clout and
“blanket,” being painted white or yellow all over the body. One Comanche
had an all-over body yellow with blue zigzags up the arm and down the
side and leg, with a red zigzag paralleling this (on the outside of
the arm and therefore on the inside of the leg); on each cheek a small
blue-bordered red spot, and a large three-inch red spot on the breast
under the throat. The Tonkawa painted the top of the fetish-plant red
also. Leaders often wear otter skin braid-coverings, and at certain
points in the ritual fur headdresses. Mescal beans as necklaces or on
moccasin- and gourd-fringes are common (the Kiowa wear them on their
moccasins as protection against stepping on menstrual blood). The
“blanket,” or sheet (in the summer), is invariable.
[92] Mooney (_A Kiowa Mescal Rattle_, 64-65) describes a Kiowa gourd with
the Peyote Woman, peyote, moon, ash crescent, and Morning-Star under her
feet heralding her morning approach with water.
[93] The basic rite is practically free from Christian symbolism. Some
call the sage under the fetish a “cross”; some leaders make a cross
under the water-bucket or in the water with feathers at midnight. Mooney
wrote that “many of the mescal eaters wear crucifixes ... the cross
representing the cross of scented leaves ... while Christ is the mescal
goddess.” But all crosses are not necessarily Christian. See Appendix 8.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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