Indians of North America -- Religion; Indians of North America -- Rites and ceremonies; Peyotism
_Birds._ We have already noted the importance of birds in Huichol and
Tarahumari peyote symbolism, and are to discover that they are equally
significant in the Plains. Here the “water-bird” somewhat ambiguously
suggests a bird that lives in the water or the bird involved with the
whistling for the midnight water. Arapaho songs refer to peyote and the
birds which are its messengers, and sparrow hawk, yellow hammer and other
woodpecker feathers are common in their meetings. When the fireman goes
to get the water he carries an eagle wing, and the whistling which he
makes is said to imitate the cry of a bird in search of water (the end of
the eagle wing-bone whistle is finally dipped into the water bucket, as
though it were the bird drinking).[71]
The Comanche peyote bird is the “sun-eagle,” said to be just under
the rising morning sun; “Comanches always mention that bird in their
meeting.” This bird, the kʷina-óhap (literally, “eagle-yellow”), which is
represented in the shaped ashes west of the peyote fire, “flashes like
the sun; ... water bird feathers are used just because they are pretty.”
In this connection it is interesting to recall the Tarahumari place name
Couwápigóchi, “place of the wapigóri,” from the name of a fishing bird,
“a cross between an eagle and a hawk, with feet like an eagle,” which
the Mexicans call aquillala, and the brilliantly colored macao and other
birds belonging to the Huichol “Grandfather Fire.”[72]
The Kiowa represent their “water-bird” on peyote tie-slides as a
long-necked bird like a kingfisher or crane; these have been traded all
over the Plains. If a Kiowa peyote-user sees an eagle in a vision, he
thereafter carries his eagle-feather fan in his left hand as a sign of
this.[73] The peyote bird is prominent in symbolic Kiowa paintings also.
Jonathan Koshiway, the Oto peyote teacher, said:
The peyote spirit is like a little humming bird. When you are
quiet and nothing is disturbing it, it will come to a flower
and get the sweet flavor. But if it is disturbed, it goes quick.
Hence the admonitions to sit quietly in meetings and “study” to see if
you can “maybe learn something.” Tom Panther, a Shawnee leader, called
the ash-bird
a holy bird; it drinks as well as we do of the holy water
[_i.e._ some of the ritual water is poured on the ash-figure in
the morning] and it gets alive a little when people drink, and
from then on is lively until morning.
The martin is said to be the Shawnee peyote bird, as indicated perhaps
in the “scissors-tail” shape of some ashes. A Mexican who had long lived
with the Wichita had an interesting vision during the water-ceremonies
of an Arapaho meeting, when he saw a white feather of the leader “turn
into Christ and boss the bald-eagle feather of the fireman around.” The
association of birds with peyotism, therefore, appears to be universal in
the Plains and Mexico alike.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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