The attempt to bring power under control by offsetting it with power
was sound enough in intention. The conflicting purposes of men cannot
be held under pacific control unless the tendency of all power to
become arbitrary is checked by other force. All the machinery of
conference, of peaceful negotiation, of law and the rule of reason is
workable in large affairs only where the power of the negotiators is
neutralized one against the other. It may be neutralized because the
parties are in fact equally powerful. It may be neutralized because the
weaker has invisible allies among the other powers of the world, or in
domestic affairs among other interests in society. But before there can
be law there must be order, and an order is an arrangement of power.
The worst that can be said of the nationalists and collectivists is
that they attempted to establish balances of power which could not
endure. The pluralist at least would say that the end they sought must
be attained differently, that in place of vast wholesale balances of
power it is necessary to create many detailed balances of power. The
people as a whole supporting a centralized government cannot tame
capitalism as a whole. For the powers which are summed up in the term
capitalism are many. They bear separately upon different groups of
people. The nation as a unit does not encounter them all, and cannot
deal with them all. It is to the different groups of people concerned
that we must look for the power which shall offset the arbitrary power
that bears upon them. The reduction of capitalism to workable law is
no matter of striking at it wholesale by general enactments. It is a
matter of defeating its arbitrary power in detail, in every factory,
in every office, in every market, and of turning the whole network of
relations under which industry operates from the dominion of arbitrary
forces into those of settled rules.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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