The Phase Rule and Its ApplicationsFindlay, Alexander
Science
The Phase Rule and Its Applications
Findlay, Alexander
Chemistry, Physical and theoretical; Phase rule and equilibrium; Solution (Chemistry)
The "mixed crystals" which were thus obtained, and which van't Hoff called
dilute solid solutions, showed great resemblance in their behaviour to
ordinary liquid solutions, and obeyed the laws applicable to these. These
laws, however, can no longer be applied in the case of the concentrated
solid solutions formed by the crystallization together of isomorphous
substances, and known as isomorphous mixtures. Indeed, it has been
contended[264] that these isomorphous mixtures should not be considered as
solid solutions at all, although no sharp line of demarcation can be drawn
between the two classes. The differences, however, in the behaviour of the
two groups are of a quantitative rather than a qualitative nature; and
since we are concerned at present only with the qualitative behaviour, we
shall make no distinction between the crystalline solid solutions and the
isomorphous mixtures, but shall study the behaviour of the two classes
under the head of "mixed crystals."
Mixed crystals can be formed either by sublimation[265] or from a liquid
phase; and in the latter case the mixed crystals can be deposited either
from solution in a common solvent or from a mixture of the fused
components. In this method of formation, which alone will be discussed in
the present chapter, we are dealing with the fusion curves of two
substances, where, however, the liquid solution is in equilibrium not with
one of the pure components, but with a solid solution or mixed crystal. The
simple scheme (Fig. 29, p. 117) which was obtained in the case of two
components which crystallize out in the pure state, is no longer sufficient
in the case of the formation of mixed crystals. With the help of the Phase
Rule, however, the different possible systems can be classified; and
examples of the different cases predicted by the Phase Rule have also been
obtained by experiment.
{182}
We shall now consider briefly the formation of mixed crystals by
isomorphous substances; the consideration of the formation of mixed
crystals of isodimorphous substances will, on account of the complexity of
the relationships, not be undertaken here.[266]
_Formation of Mixed Crystals of Isomorphous Substances._
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