The Phase Rule and Its ApplicationsFindlay, Alexander
Science
The Phase Rule and Its Applications
Findlay, Alexander
Chemistry, Physical and theoretical; Phase rule and equilibrium; Solution (Chemistry)
If, now, we consider only the temperatures above the transition point, we
see from the figure that solutions represented by points above the line BX
contain relatively more sodium sulphate than solutions in contact with
astracanite and Glauber's salt; and solutions lying below the line BC
contain relatively more magnesium sulphate than solutions saturated with
this salt and astracanite. These solutions will therefore not be stable,
but will deposit in the one case, astracanite and Glauber's salt, and in
the other case, astracanite and magnesium sulphate, until a point on BX or
BC is reached. All solutions, however, lying to the right of CBX, will be
_unsaturated_ with respect to these two pairs of salts, and only the
solutions represented by the line XY (and which contain equimolecular
amounts of sodium and magnesium sulphates) will be saturated with respect
to the pure double salt.
Transition Interval.--Fig. 101 will also render intelligible a point of
great importance in connection with astracanite, and of double salts
generally. At temperatures between those represented by the points B and X,
the double salt when brought in contact with water will be decomposed with
separation of sodium sulphate. Above the temperature of the point {271} X,
however, the solution of the pure double salt is stable, because it can
still take up a little of either of the components. At temperatures, then,
above that at which the solution in contact with the double salt and the
less soluble single salt, contains the single salts in the ratio in which
they are present in the double salt, solution of the latter will take place
without decomposition. _The range of temperature between that at which
double salt can begin to be formed (the transition point) and that at which
it ceases to be decomposed by water is called the transition
interval._[353] If the two single salts have identical solubility at the
transition point, the transition interval diminishes to nought.
In those cases where the double salt is the stable form below the
transition point, the transition interval will extend downwards to a lower
temperature. Fig. 101 will then have the reverse form.
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