[5] The "old style" calendar authorized by the Council of Nice (A.D. 325) was based on erroneous conclusions, and consequently contained an error which, steadily increasing, amounted to ten days at the time of its correction. This was done by Gregory XIII, in a brief issued in March, 1582; he reformed the calendar, directing that the fifth day of October in that year be reckoned as the fifteenth. The vernal equinox, which in the old calendar had receded to March 11, was thus restored to its true place, March 21. The "new style" calendar is also known as the Gregorian, from its founder; the system adopted by Gregory was calculated by Luigi Lilio Ghiraldi, a learned astronomer of Naples. [6] "And he shall be a wild man; his hand will be against all men, and all men's hands against him." [7] João de Barros, an official in the India House at Lisbon, wrote a history of Portuguese achievements in the Orient, entitled _Dos feitos que os Portugueses fixerão no descobrimento e conquista dos mares e terras do Oriente_ (Lisbon, 1552), _décadas i-iv_ (incomplete). The other historian here mentioned is Jeronimo Osorio da Fonseca, bishop of Silves in Algarve; the book referred to is _De rebus Emmanuelis regis Lusitaniæ_ (Olysippone, 1571). [8] Afonso de Albuquerque (born in 1453, died in 1515) was perhaps the most celebrated among the Portuguese conquerors of India; he was the second viceroy of the Portuguese possessions there, and founded its capital, Goa. From his letters and reports to King Manoel of Portugal a book was compiled by his son Afonso, entitled _Commentarios do Grande Afonso Dalbuquerque_ (Lisboa, 1557); see also W.D. Birch's English translation, _Commentaries of the Great Afonso Dalboquerque_ (Hakluyt Society, London, nos. 53, 55, 62, 69, of first series). Therein may be found a history of the events mentioned in our text. [9] Apparently referring to the practice of sodomy; cf. a similar statement in _Vol_. IV, p. 51. [10] The archbishop of Mexico at this time was Pedro de Moya y Contreras, who had come to Mexico in 1571 as chief inquisitor of the Holy Office. On October 20, 1573, he assumed the duties of archbishop; and in 1583 was appointed visitador (_i.e._, inspector) of the courts, in which office he was engaged during three years. In 1584 he was appointed viceroy of Nueva España, surrendering this post, a year later, to Villamanrique. All these offices were held by him at one time. In June, 1586, he returned to Spain, where he died at the close of the year 1591. In January of that year he had been appointed president of the Council of the Indias. [11] "The rumors of the occurrence of this metal in Panay and Leyte have failed of verification. Accidental losses of the metal by prospectors or surveyors sometimes lead to reports of the discovery of deposits." (_U.S. Philippine Gazetteer_, p. 84.)