[143] This fundamental agreement of laws, and this general uniformity, prove that the mutual relations of the islands were widespread, and the bonds of friendship more frequent than were wars and quarrels. There may have existed a confederation, since we know from the first Spaniards that the chief of Manila was commander-in-chief of the sultan of Borneo. In addition, documents of the twelfth century that exist testify the same thing.--_Rizal_. [144] This word must be _sagigilid_ in its Tagal form. The root _gilid_ signifies in Tagal, "margin," "strand," or "shore." The reduplication of the first syllable, if tonic, signifies active future action. If not tonic and the suffix _an_ be added, it denotes the place where the action of the verb is frequently executed. The preposition _sa_ indicates place, time, reference. The atonic reduplication may also signify plurality, in which case the singular noun would be _sagilid_, _i.e._, "at the margin," or "the last"--that is, the slave. Timawa signifies now in Tagal, "in peace, in quietness, tranquil, free," etc. _Maginoo_, from the root _ginoo_, "dignity," is now the title of the chiefs; and the chief's reunion is styled _kaginoohan_. Colin says, nevertheless, that the Chiefs used the title _gat_ or _lakan_, and the women _dayang_. The title of _mama_ applied now to men, corresponds to "uncle," "Senor," "Monsieur," "Mr.," etc.; and the title _al_ of women to the feminine titles corresponding to these.--_Rizal_. [145] _Namamahay_ (from _bahay_, "house"), "he who lives in his own house." This class of slaves, if they may be so called, exists even yet. They are called _kasama_ (because of being now the laborers of a capitalist or farmer), _bataan_ ("servant," or "domestic"), _kampon, tao_, etc. [146] This class of slavery still exists [1890] in many districts, especially in the province of Batangas; but it must be admitted that their condition is quite different from that of the slave in Greece or Rome, or that of the negro, and even of those made slaves formerly by the Spaniards. Thanks to their social condition and to their number in that time, the Spanish domination met very little resistance, while the Filipino chiefs easily lost their independence and liberty. The people, accustomed to the yoke, did not defend the chiefs from the invader, nor attempt to struggle for liberties that they never enjoyed. For the people, it was only a change of masters. The nobles, accustomed to tyrannize by force, had to accept the foreign tyranny, when it showed itself stronger than their own. Not encountering love or elevated feelings in the enslaved mass, they found themselves without force or power.--_Rizal_. [147] _Inasawa_, or more correctly _asawa_ (consort).--_Rizal_.