[203] For good expositions of local government in modern times, see Bowring, _Visit to the Philippine Isles_ (London, 1859), pp. 87-93; and Montero y Vidal, _Archipielago Filipino_ (Madrid, 1886), pp. 162-168. [204] These are now [1890] made in Spanish.--_Rizal_. [205] Names of petty officers: the former the name of an officer in oriental countries; the second signifying one who commands. Dr. T. H. Pardo de Tavera (_Costumbres de los Tagalos_, Madrid, 1892, p. 10, note 1) says the word dato is now unused by the Tagals. _Datu_ or _datuls_ primitively signified "grandfather," or "head of the family," which was equivalent to the head of the barangay. This name is used in Mindanao and Jolo to designate certain chiefs. [206] A later law in _Recopilacion de leyes_ (lib. vi, tit. viii, ley xi) regulates the encomienda--giving power as follows: "The governor and captain-general of Filipinas shall apportion the encomiendas, in accordance with the regulations to worthy persons, without having other respect than to the service of God our Lord, and our service, the welfare of the public cause, and the remuneration of the most deserving. Within sixty days, reckoned from the time that he shall have heard of the vacancy, he shall be obliged to apportion them. If he does not do so, the right to apportion them shall devolve upon and pertain to our royal Audiencia of those islands, and we order the Audiencia to apportion them, paying heed to the laws, within six days, and to avail itself of the edicts and diligences issued by the governor without other new ones. In case the governor shall not have issued edicts and diligences, the Audiencia shall issue them and make the provision within twenty days." Felipe III, Madrid, June 4, 1620. [207] The rapidity with which many of these encomenderos amassed great wealth in a few years is known, and that they left colossal fortunes at their death. Some were not satisfied with the tributes and with what they demanded, but made false measures, and balances that weighed twice as much as was indicated. They often exacted the tributes in certain products only, and appraised the same at what value they wished.--_Rizal_.