The Philippine Islands, 1493-1898 — Volume 16 of 55: 1609; Explorations by Early Navigators, Descriptions of the Islands and Their Peoples, Their History and Records of the Catholic Missions, as Related in Contemporaneous Books and Manuscripts, Showing the Political, Economic, Commercial and Religious Conditions of Those Islands from Their Earliest Relations with European Nations to the Close of the Nineteenth Century
History
The Philippine Islands, 1493-1898 — Volume 16 of 55: 1609; Explorations by Early Navigators, Descriptions of the Islands and Their Peoples, Their History and Records of the Catholic Missions, as Related in Contemporaneous Books and Manuscripts, Showing the Political, Economic, Commercial and Religious Conditions of Those Islands from Their Earliest Relations with European Nations to the Close of the Nineteenth Century
Demarcation line of Alexander VI; Missions -- Philippines; Philippines -- Discovery and exploration; Philippines -- History -- Sources
The natives' laws throughout the islands were made in the same manner,
and they followed the traditions and customs of their ancestors,
without anything being written. Some provinces had different customs
than others in some respects. However, they agreed in most, and in
all the islands generally the same usages were followed. [143]
There are three conditions of persons among the natives of these
islands, and into which their government is divided: the chiefs,
of whom we have already treated; the timaguas, who are equivalent to
plebeians; and slaves, those of both chiefs and timaguas.
The slaves were of several classes. Some were for all kinds of work
and slavery, like those which we ourselves hold. Such are called
_saguiguilires_; [144] they served inside the house, as did likewise
the children born of them. There are others who live in their
own houses with their families, outside the house of their lord;
and come, at the season, to aid him in his sowings and harvests,
among his rowers when he embarks, in the construction of his house
when it is being built, and to serve in his house when there are
guests of distinction. These are bound to come to their lord's house
whenever he summons them, and to serve in these offices without any
pay or stipend. These slaves are called _namamahays_, [145] and their
children and descendants are slaves of the same class. From these
slaves--_saguiguilirs_ and _namamahays_--are issue, some of whom are
whole slaves, some of whom are half slaves, and still others one-fourth
slaves. It happens thus: if either the father or the mother was free,
and they had an only child, he was half free and half slave. If they
had more than one child, they were divided as follows: the first
follows the condition of the father, free or slave; the second that
of the mother. If there were an odd number of children, the last was
half free and half slave. Those who descended from these, if children
of a free mother or father, were only one-fourth slaves, because of
being children of a free father or mother and of a half-slave. These
half slaves or one-fourth slaves, whether saguiguilirs or namamahays,
served their masters during every other moon; and in this respect so
is such condition slavery.
In the same way, it may happen in divisions between heirs that a slave
will fall to several, and serves each one for the time that is due
him. When the slave is not wholly slave, but half or fourth, he has
the right, because of that part that is free, to compel his master to
emancipate him for a just price. This price is appraised and regulated
for persons according to the quality of their slavery, whether it be
saguiguilir or namamahay, half slave or quarter slave. But, if he is
wholly slave, the master cannot be compelled to ransom or emancipate
him for any price.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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