[100] Juan Garcia (afterward named "de la Cruz") came to the Philippines in 1632; he must therefore have sent to Sevilla almost immediately after his arrival in the islands the letter from which this document was printed. He spent four years laboring in the Formosa mission; and in 1636 went to China, where he spent most of his remaining years. Persecuted in that country as a Christian preacher, he finally was seized by Chinese soldiers, and so maltreated that his injuries caused his death December 8, 1665, at Fogan; he was then sixty years of age. See _Resena biog. Sant. Rosario_, i, pp. 411-414, for sketch of his life. [101] Sebastian Hurtado de Corcuera. See vol. xvii, p. 291. [102] See account of the founding of the Jesuit missions in China, _vol. vi_, p. 208. The work begun by Ricci (see _vol. xv_, p. 178) was continued by Johann Adam Schall von Bell, a German Jesuit, who entered China in 1622, remaining there until his death in 1669. He was a noted astronomer and mathematician, and for his learning and talents was greatly esteemed by the Chinese, especially at the imperial court; the reformation of the Chinese calendar was entrusted to him, and rank and emoluments were conferred upon him. The missions in China were not molested by the authorities after 1622; but the conflicts between the Chinese and Tartars, which ended in the overthrow of the Ming dynasty, greatly injured the work of the missionaries from 1630 to 1660. At the time of our text, the Jesuits were on friendly terms with the authorities, and their work prospered especially in Peking. See account of Catholic missions in China, in Williams's _Middle Kingdom,_ ii, pp. 290-325; and in Cretineau-Joly's _Hist. Comp. de Jesus_, iii, pp. 165-184. [103] _Medias anatas_: half of the first year's income; a tax which was paid to the crown upon entering any office, pension, or grant. It was introduced into the Indias by a law of 1632. See _Recopilacion leyes de Indias_, lib. viii, tit. xix. [104] Spanish, _Religion_. This word was first used in the sense of "monastic order" or "monastery" in the sixth century, in France. This narrower sense was used along with the broader one, until the latter was gradually crowded out (during the second half of the fourteenth century); being, however, finally recovered during the epoch of the Reformation; The term "man of religion" (_homo religionis_, _homme de religion_) was never used in Latin, French, or English to mean a pious man, but exclusively for a man belonging to a religious order. See "History of the word _religio_ in the Middle Ages," by. Professor Ewald Fluegel, of Leland Stanford Junior University--an abstract of which is printed in _Transactions_ of American Philological Association, 1902, pp. ci, cii. [105] Thus in our transcript; but in the king's answer to this letter (_post_) the name appears as Rivero.