[25] Probably meaning Kaga, a small province lying on the northern coast of Hondo, nearly north from the city of Kioto; its chief town is Kanazawa, with over one hundred thousand inhabitants. [26] Apparently referring to the mikado and his seclusion from active life--a condition which had existed for many years, but which Iyeyasu especially intensified in order to strengthen his own power and that of his house. The mikado at the time mentioned in our text was Meisho--a woman, according to B. H. Chamberlain (Murray's Handbook of Japan, 4th ed., pp. 65, 67). The reference may possibly be to Hideyori; but he died much earlier, in 1621. [27] Probably a reference to the late Chinese insurrection. [28] It is not known in what year the Franciscan Juan Iranzo came to the Philippines; his name first appears in the lists of that order in 1632. He served in Luzón until 1639, when he went to the Moluccas and other neighboring islands. Returning to Luzón six years later, he remained in that island, in various responsible positions, until late in 1653, when he embarked for a voyage to Europe, but died while at sea. (Huerta's Estado, p. 510.) [29] Part of Celebes; see VOL. XXII, p. 146. [30] This is an extract from a pamphlet entitled, "General relation of the news from Philippinas that has arrived in this year of 1643, regarding Manila, India, Camboja, Japon, China, Macan, Terrenate, and Ambueno." It has no signature, and is printed "at Mexico, by the widow of Bernardo Calderon, in the street of San Augustin." [31] The Dutch governor in Formosa at this time was Paulus Traudenius; his letter (dated August 26, 1641) to the Spanish governor Portillo, demanding the surrender of the Spanish forts, and Portillo's answer thereto, are given in Valentyn's Oud en nieuw Oost Indien, deel iv, stuk ii, on pp. 72, 73 of a section entitled "Beschryvinge van Tayouan, of Formosa," which covers 93 pages. Both are given in English translation in Davidson's Formosa, p. 21. [32] This Spanish establishment was at Kelung, on the northern coast of Formosa; the fort seems to have been located on an island in Kelung Bay (now called Palm Island by the Europeans resident there). The shores of the bay are precipitous, formed by a mountain range; and the lookout station (la Mira) seems to have been placed on one of these heights. (See Reseña biográfica, i, p. 421, note; Murray's Handbook of Japan, p. 538.) Tan-chuy is now Tamsui. "'The old Dutch fort' with its walls of nearly eight feet of masonry and lime still commands the port of Tamsui, as firm and solid and as imposing as when built two hundred and fifty years ago." In the French bombardment of 1884 "the shells did no damage and scarcely left a mark on the noble structure." (Davidson, Formosa, p. 23.) [33] Spanish retirada; a part of the fort which is made especially strong, and well supplied with provisions, into which the garrison may retreat for their final stand; it may be translated also "stronghold" or "citadel."