[50] La Estacada (literally "the stockade") was on the same side of the Pasig River as Binondoc, but separated from that village by the little estuary which leads to the village of Tondo. See Muñoz's map of Manila and its suburbs (1671) in Pastells's edition of Colin's Labor evangélica, iii, p. 824; this map will be reproduced in the present series. [51] Spanish falsabraga: "a parapet constructed at a lower elevation than the main parapet, and between the parapet and the edge of the ditch. It was used only in permanent fortification, and has long been obsolete;" see Wilhelm's Military Dictionary (Phila., 1881), p. 158. [52] Cf. with this description the fortifications indicated on Muñoz's map, mentioned ante, p. 243, note 50. In order to prevent the enemy from fortifying large buildings outside the walls, "orders were issued to demolish the churches of Santiago, Bagumbaya, Hermita, Malate, Parañaque, Dilao, San Lazaro, the Parian, and Santa Cruz--besides various country houses which the Spaniards own in those environs." (Murillo Velarde's Hist. de Philipinas, fol. 272.) [53] This son was called Kin-sié, also known as Tching King-may and Sipuan; La Concepción says (vii, p. 55) that he, "who had been reared in the study, among books, did nothing to cultivate the country which his father had acquired with so many dangers and fatigues, and the troops therefore became, in his service, lax and cowardly." [54] The references in this document to the rulers of China can hardly be satisfactorily identified; the various names given to the same person, the conflicting claims of various usurpers or temporary rulers, and the struggle between the dying Ming dynasty and the Manchu conquerors, cause great confusion and uncertainty in the history of that period. The actual ruler of China was then the Manchu Chuntche (1646-61); he was succeeded by his second son, Kanghi. [55] Nanking was, under some early Chinese dynasties, the capital of the empire. This name signifies merely "Southern Court;" the proper appellation of the city is Kianningfu. Odoric of Pordenoñe, who visited it near the year 1325, says that its walls had a circuit of forty miles, and in it were three hundred and sixty stone bridges, the finest in the world (Yule's Cathay, i, pp. 120, 121). [56] This was Hia-mun, or Emuy (known by the English as Amoy); it lies off the province of Fuh-kien, at the mouth of the Lung-kiang ("Dragon") River. On it lies the city of Amoy, a large and important commercial port; it has one of the best harbors on the coast. (Williams's Middle Kingdom, i, pp. 114, 115.)