[140] Census of Philippines, i, p. 473, calls these people a branch of the Mandayas. [141] Dr. Barrows (Census of Philippines, i, p. 460) restricts the term "Buquidnon" to mountain-dwellers in Luzón and the Visayas, who escaped reduction when those islands were christianized. The term "Buquidnon" means "people of the mountain forest." [142] These are the Negritos. Aetas is the oldest known name for that people. It is probably derived from the Tagálog word itim, "black." In many places the Negrito seems to have disappeared by absorption into the conquering Malay race. There are about 23,000 of them still in the islands. See Census of Philippines, i, pp. 468, 478, 532, 533. [143] Dr. Barrows (Census, i, p. 471) calls this people a division of the Bagobos. [144] The Bagobos, together with the Moros and Mandayas, are migratory in habit, though they do not leave the province. They are said to be fire worshipers. The blood feud prevails. The Ocacola Bagobos have discontinued their annual sacrifice which they would eat. See Census of Philippines, i, pp. 462, 463, 531. [145] Called by Barrows (Census, i, p. 470) a Bagobo tribe. [146] See ante, p. 199, note 84. [147] A more complete title of this book by Jose Gumilla, S. J., is, El Orinoco ilustrado, historia natural, civil, y geographica, de este gran rio ... govierno, usos y costumbres de los Indios sus habitadores (Madrid, 1741). [148] See ante, p. 197, note 82. Pardo de Tavera derives Tiruray from atew rooter, "people living above," that is, "up the river." This branch of the Manobos are described by First Lieut. G. S. Turner, Tenth U. S. Infantry, who collected information for the Census among them, "as ignorant, shiftless savages ruled by superstitions and fear, with little moral or legal restraint upon their desires or passions. They were formerly much preyed upon by Moros and Manobos, but they are troubled no longer in this respect." See Census of Philippines, i, pp. 462, 549-552. [149] The Sámal are an exceedingly important element in the Sulu Archipelago. Their former locus, where the pure Sámal dialect was spoken, is in the islands between Basilan and Joló, especially Tonguil and Balanguingui. These were the very latest pirate haunts to be broken up by the Spaniards. The Sámal are now scattered along the coast of Zamboanga and nearly everywhere in the archipelago of Sulu. See Census of Philippines, i, p. 475. [150] It is the custom among the heathen to change, suppress, and add vowels. For example: biñag for buñag, "baptism;" bidi for budi, "girl;" isug for usug, "man;" buhay for bahay, "woman;" guianga for guanga, "forest;" inay for ina, "mother;" budiay for budi; di for dili, "no;" etc.--Pablo Pastells, S. J. [151] An important pagan tribe whose habitat is about the bay of Sibuguey and the bay of Dumanquilas. See Census of Philippines, i, pp. 461, 462, 476.