[19] By 1894 there were 2,143 public schools in the Philippines, and 173 sets of provisions regulating them, or tending to the intellectual development of the people. These laws were only superficial. See Tomás G. del Rosario, Census of Philippines, iii, p. 593. [20] The central treasury of ways and means (Grifol y Aliaga, p. 3, note 2) having been suppressed, the expenses of this institution are at present [1894] defrayed as a charge on chapter 1, art. 1. of the budget of the local funds of the central treasury. In the budget of 1893-94, the appropriation of 10,450 pesos was set aside in the following manner: pesos 1 director, 800 6 professors, each 600 pesos, 4,800 1 drawing teacher, 600 1 vocal music teacher, 480 1 gymnastic teacher, 400 3 assistants, each 400 pesos, 1,200 15 resident pupils, each 120 pesos, for only three months, 450 Wages of the attendants and servants of the school, 600 For office expenses, conservation, and innovation of furniture, and other effects, 1,120 ------ Total, 10,450 [21] The last classification made of the schools of this archipelago was that approved by superior decree, February 27, 1893, which was published in the Manila Gaceta, May 10 following. (Grifol y Aliaga, p. 4, note 5.) [22] "What contributed greatly, also, to the general backwardness of primary instruction was the small salary paid teachers, as it was impossible for them to live on what was paid them.... The small salary paralyzed any good will and ambition to work." T. G. del Rosario in Census of Philippines, iii, p. 595. See also, ante, p. 80, note 20. [23] Commonly called directorcillos (Grifol y Aliaga, p. 5, note 2). [24] The principalia was formed of those natives who have occupied petty government posts in the islands. See VOL. XVII, p. 331. [25] It is to be understood that the office of superior civil governor is equivalent to the present office of governor general (Grifol y Aliaga, p. 6, note 3). [26] This superior commission, appointed by superior decree of March 15, 1864, was suppressed by another decree of the superior civil government, February 23, 1871, in accordance with order no. 1183, of the ministry of the colonies, of December 5, 1870, by which was created the ad interim Superior Board of Public Instruction (Grifol y Aliaga, p. 6, note 4). [27] Now judge of first instance (Grifol y Aliaga, p. 6, note 5). [28] Now manager or subdelegate of the public treasury.